Aim: To examine whether change in retinal structure can improve vision and stereoacuity following strabismus management.Methods: We recruited patients who presented with strabismus from 2017 to 2019. Information on demographics, posterior and anterior segment findings, and strabismus surgery was collected using a pretested online form. Patients’ stereoacuity was examined by employing the Titmus test. The central macular thickness and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness of all the eyes were evaluated through SD-OCT. Stereoacuity examination and OCT were performed again 3 months postoperatively. Result: We recruited 54 patients (mean age: 19.74 ± 9.2 years). Stereoacuity and vision exhibited significant improvements after treatment. Both eyes showed improvement in RNFL thickness but not CMT. Conclusion: Functional stereoacuity changes and structural RNFL changes were noted following appropriate treatment for strabismus.

Purpose: Marfan syndrome (MFS) is a genetic disorder associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Presently, well-documented information on this condition is not available in India. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we recruited patients with clinically diagnosed MFS who presented to the outpatient department using revised Ghent nosology. We retrieved complete ophthalmic information, including vision, anterior and posterior segments, exported from electronic medical records, and relevant investigations, surgical details, and follow-up data were obtained in a specific, pretested format. Results: Our cohort consisted of 86 eyes of 43 patients and had a male preponderance. The prevalence was 20.5 per 100,000 individuals. The mean age of the patients was 23.9 years. All eyes were treated either optically with refraction or surgically using lensectomy and vitrectomy with suture supported scleral fixated intraocular lens (IOL), which significantly affected the visual outcome (P = 0.000). Conclusion: Although considered a rare disease, MFS is commonly found in the ophthalmological setting. Refraction and surgery (lensectomy with scleral fixated IOL) may improve the vision significantly.

Purpose: To describe the incidence, aetiologies and follow-up of patients with paralytic strabismus. Methods: This retrospective study included 193 strabismic patients with isolated III, IV or VI cranial nerve palsy, cases of the strabismus, from the Department of Ophthalmology of tertiary care center in western central India between January 2007 and December 2020. The present study analysed the injured cranial nerve, the affected eye, sex distribution, aetiology and follow-up. Results: About 5.7% of the cases were congenital, and 16.1% were in the paediatric age group. The VI cranial nerve was the most frequently affected (56.5%) in these cases. The incidence was higher in males (58.1%) than females. Trauma was the common cause of III (7.1%), IV (8.3%) and VI (50%) nerve palsy. The disease management modalities included surgical, medical and spontaneous resolution.Conclusions: The sixth cranial nerve was affected most frequently. However, the most common underlying cause was yet undetermined.

Introduction: Congenital malformation is an important cause of childhood blindness. Hence, we attempted to study the factors responsible for it. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study. We collected data from our hospital EMR for the period 2008-2019. We retrieved the total number of paediatric outdoor and children with congenitally malformed eyes. We also explored the history of night blindness in mothers during pregnancy, exported the data to excel sheets, and calculated the type of anomalies using descriptive analyses with SPSS 22. Results: Our cohort included 1435 children out of the total 100946 (1.42%) outdoor of paediatric ophthalmology. We found various anomalies in our analyses. We discerned that 423 (29.47%) cases had a history of night blindness to mother during pregnancy, suggesting vitamin A deficiency. Conclusion: Based on our clinical observation, it could be concluded that hypovitaminosis A in mother results in maldevelopment and congenital anomalies of the eye in children.

Submission of an original paper with copyright agreement and authorship responsibility.I (corresponding author) certify that I have participated sufficiently in the conception and design of this work and the analysis of the data (wherever applicable), as well as the writing of the manuscript, to take public responsibility for it. I believe the manuscript represents valid work. I have reviewed the final version of the manuscript and approve it for publication. Neither has the manuscript nor one with substantially similar content under my authorship been published nor is being considered for publication elsewhere, except as described in an attachment. Furthermore I attest that I shall produce the data upon which the manuscript is based for examination by the editors or their assignees, if requested.Thanking you.