Krukenberg tumors mostly occur after 40 years. Metastatic ovarian tumors in young age are very rare and reported to be 2% of all the cases. Thirty percent of all ovarian neoplasms occurring during childhood and adolescence are malignant. A 25-year-old woman, parity-2, presented with abdominal distension, pain in abdomen and amenorrhea. On examination, 18 weeks lump was palpable, firm to hard in consistency, non-tender and mobile. On ultrasonography bilateral ovarian tumors were reported, without any peritoneal free fluid. Total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy was performed. Microscopic examination revealed signet ring cells with glandular differentiation, diffusely invading the ovarian parenchyma. Tumor cells exhibited strong, diffuse immunopositivity for CEA with focal strong immunopositivity for CK7 and CK20 and immunonegativity for SATB2. Diagnosis of Krukenberg tumor was made. Endoscopic biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of adenocarcinoma stomach. This case is reported because of its rarity in younger age group.

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: Urothelial carcinoma has become the ninth most common malignancy in the world. Since 1980s, diverse studies and treatment methods came out with their possible effects along with certain limitations. Initially, platinum chemotherapy was considered as first line treatment of the disease. Although it was proved to be effective in the beginning yet most number of cases reported the reoccurrence of the disease. Furthermore, aberrant ligand-dependent and constitutive ligandindependent fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) signalling has been reported in large number of solid tumours including urothelial carcinoma that became the basis for FGFR inhibition for the treatment of the disease. Erdafitinib is a pan-FGFR inhibitor that was recently approved in the USA for the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic FGFR3 or FGFR2 urothelial carcinoma. The drug is also being investigated as a treatment for other cancers including cholangiocarcinoma, liver cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, prostate cancer, lymphoma cancer and oesophageal cancer. This article summarizes the various treatments evolved for bladder cancer till now, brief description of biology of FGFR inhibition, clinical pharmacology and various clinical trials of erdafitinib.

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The aim of the present study was to analyse inflammatory markers in idiopathic osteoarthritis of knee and to formulate reliable disease markers in the diagnosis and prognosis of the disease.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This prospective study was conducted for 2 years in a tertiary care center in 60 patients with idiopathic osteoarthritis of knee and compared them with 60 controls that had no signs of osteoarthritis.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The hematological markers to study inflammatory basis of idiopathic osteoarthritis of knee suggested that ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate) was more than 20 mm/hour in 83.3%. Serum rheumatoid factor (RF) and CRP (C-reactive protein) was positive in 8.3% and 13.3% patients respectively. Antinuclear antibody (ANA) was positive in 2 (3.3%) patients and negative in 58 (96.7%) patients. Synovial fluid analysis was done in 44 patients with RF positivity in only 1 patient. The control group has ESR less than 30 mm/hour and CRP was (&lt;3 µg/ml). In the control group RF and ANA were similar to the normal population.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Synovial fluid analysis is of value to rule out crystal arthropathies and pyogenic arthritis. The study indicates that ESR, CRP and RF collectively can serve as surrogate markers in idiopathic osteoarthritis of knee. Further studies need to be done to formulate reliable disease markers in idiopathic osteoarthritis of knee. </p>