Today, the dramatic changes in types of food consumed have led to an increased burden of chronic diseases. Therefore, the emphasis of food research is not only to ensure quality food that can supply adequate nutrients to prevent nutrition related diseases, but also to ensure overall physical and mental-health. This has led to the concept of functional foods and nutraceuticals (FFNs), which can be ideally produced and delivered through plants. Metabolomics can help in getting the most relevant functional information, and thus has been considered the greatest -OMICS technology to date. However, metabolomics has not been exploited to the best potential in plant sciences. The technology can be leveraged to identify the health promoting compounds and metabolites that can be used for the development of FFNs. This article reviews (i) plant-based FFNs-related metabolites and their health benefits; (ii) use of different analytic platforms for targeted and non-targeted metabolite profiling along with experimental considerations; (iii) exploitation of metabolomics to develop FFNs in plants using various biotechnological tools; and (iv) potential use of metabolomics in plant breeding. We have also provided some insights into integration of metabolomics with latest genome editing tools for metabolic pathway regulation in plants.
The present investigation was carried out to know the genetic diversity among the new inbred lines of maize during Kharif 2011. In this experiment, seventy nine inbred lines and three checks were evaluated and observations were recorded for thirteen quantitative traits. Analysis of variance revealed that highly significant difference among all inbred lines. Inbred lines were grouped into fourteen clusters, indicating the presence of genetic diversity. The cluster I is having highest number of genotypes (67). The maximum inter cluster distance was observed between clusters II and XII (22.41) and highest intra cluster distance was in cluster XII (5.46) and also wide range of variation was observed in cluster mean performance for the characters studied. These genetically diverse inbred lines can be further used for developing superior hybrids and can also be utilized in developing synthetics and composites.
An experiment was conducted to study the combining ability in newly derived lines involving line×tester analysis with ten lines and three testers at All India Co-ordinated Maize Improvement Project, Agricultural Research Station, Arabhavi, UAS, Dharwad. The results revealed that among ten female lines, L2 is the best general combiner for plant height, ear height, ear length, 100-grain weight, grain yield per hectare and fodder yield per hectare. Whereas, among thirty crosses, L8×T3 is the best specific combination for plant height, ear height and grain yield per hectare.
The present study was conducted to estimate the heterosis for yield and yield related traits in 30 hybrids developed from ten lines crossed with three testers and explore them in commercial breeding. Thirty F 1 s generated were evaluated and the results shown that the ratio of sca/gca variance revealed that there was preponderance of non-additive gene action in the expression of all the traits under study except for days to 50 per cent tasseling and ear girth. Among thirty, three hybrids L2×T1, L1×T2 and L8×T3 showed significant positive standard heterosis over both EH434042 and 900M (Commercial checks). These hybrids can be further tested in large scale and can be released commercially or used as development crosses in developing the inbred lines.
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