No abstract

Objective: The main aim of the study was to investigate the bioactive compound vanillin extracted from proso millet (compound 1), and barnyard millet (compound 2) induces apoptotic cell death and whether it is mediated through mitochondrial pathway in HT-29 and MCF-7 cell line. Methods:The cells were treated with 250 µg/ml and 1000 µg/ml concentration of extracted vanillin for 48 hrs. Cytochrome c release and expression level of pro-apoptotic protein Bax and caspase-9 were detected by western blot analysis. Results:The results reveal that extracted compounds increased the release of cytochrome c and upregulating the expression of Bax and caspase-9 as concentration increases in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion:The study suggests that the vanillin compound extracted from these millets induces apoptotic cell death through a mitochondriadependent pathway.

Context: Consuming whole grain food has been motivated due to numerous health benefits arising from their bioactive components. Aims: This study aims to study whether the active compound extracted from Proso and Barnyard millets inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptotic cell death in MCF-7 cell line. Materials and Methods: Cell proliferative effect was assessed by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay using MCF-7 cell line. Cytotoxicity was determined by release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzyme from cells. Apoptotic morphological changes in MCF-7 cells were observe under fluorescence microscope using double staining of Hoeschst 33342/propidium iodide (PI). Induction of apoptosis was analyzed using Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/PI through flow cytometry. Results: In this study, cell proliferative effect of the bioactive compounds from proso millet (Compound 1) and barnyard millet (Compound 2) was evaluated using MCF-7 cell line. Both the compounds significantly inhibited the proliferation of MCF-7 cells after treated with 250 μg/ml and 1000 μg/ml concentration for 48 h. Cytotoxic activity of compounds was assessed by the release of LDH showed that these extracted compounds were not toxic to the cells. Apoptosis was confirmed by Hoechst 33,342/PI dual-staining, Annexin V-FTIC/PI staining, and flow cytometry results of cell cycle analysis shows that there was a significant cell arrest in the G0/G1 phase and increased the apoptotic cells in sub-G0 phase in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusions: This study suggests that the extracted vanillin compound from these millets have effectively induced apoptotic cell death in breast cancer cell line.