Background: India ranks first in global livestock production and it is an important subsidiary enterprise that support more than 75 per cent of the rural community. But fodder production is not well practiced in our country and animals generally consume naturally grown grasses and shrubs which are of low quality in terms of protein and available energy. Hence, there is an urgent need to look for new fodder resources that are sustainable in nature and cover our fodder deficit. Keeping the above in view, the present study has been proposed to evaluate the predominant tree fodders and shrubs of Southern Kerala as a quality livestock feed. Methods: The study was conducted in College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram during January-September, 2020 to assess the nutritional value of predominant tree fodders and shrubs in Southern Kerala as a quality feed for cattle. Ten different fodder trees and shrubs that locally fed to the cattle viz., Agathi (Sesbania grandiflora), erythrina (Erythrina indica), Drumstick (Moringa oleifera), Coconut (Cocos nucifera), Glyricidia (Glyricidia maculate), Matti (Terminalia elliptica), Subabul (Leucaena leucocephala), Cassava (Manihot esculenta), Banana (Musa acuminate) and Mango (Mangifera indica) were selected and analysed for proximate composition, crude fiber and mineral status. Result: The result revealed that mean values for dry matter, crude protein, crude fiber, ether extract and total ash in tree fodders were 37.07±4.02, 18.52±1.72, 18.56±2.07, 4.68±0.51, 8.72±0.66, respectively. The study also proved that Sesbania grandiflora (Agathi) is nutritionally superior to other tree fodders with high crude protein (25.24%) and lower crude fiber (8.43%) content. The Neutral Detergent Fiber content of fodder tree leaves varied from 17.34- 65.32 per cent and that of Acid Detergent Fiber from 11.10-48.69 per cent. Phosphorus and potassium status of top feeds comes under the range of 0.26-0.93 per cent and 1.0-2.7 per cent respectively. However the highest amount of Calcium as well as magnesium was found in Moringa oleifera (2.75 and 0.60 per cent respectively).

Earthquakes are the most devastating natural hazards in terms life and property loss of any region. The response of the structure during earthquake greatly depends on the discontinuity in mass, stiffness and geometry of the structure. Mass irregularity is considered to exist where the seismic weight of any storey is more than 200 percent of that of its adjacent storey. This is introduced by increasing the weight of some floors relative to the other floors. The effect of irregularity depends on the structural model used, location of irregularity and analysis method Structural control is the one of the areas of current research aims to reduce structural vibrations during loading such as earthquakes and strong winds. In seismic structures upgrading, one of the lateral force reduction caused by the earthquake is use of dampers. Dampers are the energy dissipation devices which will reduce the vibrations and helps to reduce the buckling. In the present study a six storied RCC regular and mass irregular building were modelled. Modelling is done by using response spectrum analysis in ETABS 2016.By identifying the mass irregular building to be more prone to earthquake the building is provided with three different dampers(fluid viscous ,friction and visco elastic damper) at two different location(at corners on all stories, along all bays on all stories) .Then storey displacement ,base shear and time period values for the six models are compared to find out out the best damper.

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