Objective:To discuss the clinical presentation, diagnosis and management of osteomas involving the craniomaxillofacial region.Materials and Methods:This study was conducted from June 2004 to March 2012 at our institute. A total of 12 cases between the ages of 10 and 50 years were managed with surgical excision and reconstruction. The criteria used to diagnose osteoma included radiographic and clinical features and histological confirmation of the specimen. The total follow-up period ranged from 6 to 24 months.Results:Out of 12 osteomas, 10 were peripheral and 2 were centrally located. Mandible involvement was seen in six patients, four involved the orbit, one the frontal bone and one the frontal bone with the skull base. All patients undergoing excision and reconstruction had a favourable aesthetic and functional outcome. There were no recurrences and no post-operative complications.Conclusion:Osteomas affect all age groups with no sex predilection and are usually clinically asymptomatic till they become large in size. Surgical excision and appropriate reconstruction is the mainstay of management. Surgery is indicated when lesion is symptomatic or actively growing and the surgical approach for exposure of the lesion should be case specific.

Objective:This report details our experience with the use of the temporoparietal fascia flap in different scenarios of reconstruction and to discuss our technique of harvest, clinical applications, and review of literature of this versatile flap.Materials and Methods:A retrospective study of 82 cases of temporoparietal fascia flap in 71 patients, operated over a period of 10 years was conducted. Patients were grouped based on various clinical indications. The follow up period ranged from a minimum of 1 to a maximum of 10 years (Mean-four and a half years). All patients were analyzed for functional and aesthetic outcome using preoperative and postoperative photographs.Results:No significant complications were seen in our series. Only 2 out of 82 flaps had partial necrosis of flap (2.44%). Two patients who were operated for release of submucous fibrosis developed recurrence due to continued use of tobacco. The final outcome in one patient of ear reconstruction was unsatisfactory due to flap failure. The remaining patients had satisfactory functional and aesthetic outcomes (95.77%). None had other complications like temporal branch of facial nerve injury or alopecia along the scar line.Conclusion:The TPFF is one of the most reliable and versatile flap in the head and neck region. It can also be reliably used as free fascial flap. When its advantages are combined with the surgeon's resourcefulness, various defects can be successfully reconstructed using the temporoparietal facia flap with satisfactory aesthetic and functional outcome.

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A series of composites were synthesized having graphene oxide (GO)/reduced graphene oxide (RGO), decorated with Ag halide within inert poly­(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) matrix. A calculated amount of cuprous iodide was also synthesized with Ag halide. On exposure to light, due to the photochromic effect, Ag halide converts into Ag nanoparticles as a donor, whereas cuprous iodide acts as a hole trapper to introduce a band gap in graphene. With increasing exposure time, the Ag nanoparticles increase in size and number and composites become increasingly dark. The appearance of the plasmonic peak in ultraviolet–visible plots after exposure to light confirms the presence of Ag nanoparticles in these composites. The apparent red shift of the surface plasmon resonance peak, reduction of its intensity, and broadening of the peak are dependent on the dielectric constant of the surrounding matrix and the distance between the GO/RGO sheet and the Ag nanoparticles. The increasing number and size of Ag nanoparticles introduce tunable n-type doping in the GO/RGO–PVA composites, as determined directly by Raman spectroscopy, without the necessity of electrically gated device.

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