generally been classified as high-or low-incidence areas, the racial/ethnic distribution of NPC within regions is far from uniform (Chang and Adami, 2006). In the southeastern Chinese province of Guangdong, where the overall NPC incidence rate is >20 per 100,000 personyears among males, rates in Cantonese speakers are double those in other dialect groups such as the Hakka, Hokkien, and Chiu Chau (Parkin et al., 2002;Chang and Adami, 2006). Likewise, in the Malaysian state of Selangor, rates in Chinese residents have historically been highest among Cantonese, intermediate among Khek, and lowest among Hokkien and Teochiu (Parkin et al.

Background: Copper oxide nanoparticles(CuO NPs) have been powerful evidence in several in vitro studies such as cytotoxicity and antimicrobial compared with other metal oxide. Here, we have synthesized green CuO NPs using Coix lacryma jobi leaves extracts. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Chemistry  Manipur University, Manipur, India and Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal, India between February 2019 to March 2021. Methodology: Green CuO NPs nanoparticles were synthesized from Copper chloride dihydrate (CuCl2.2H2O) using Coix lacryma jobi leaves extract, and the synthesized green CuO NPs were characterized using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) - Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy, IR Spectroscopy, UV-Visible Spectroscopy, Powder X-Ray diffraction Spectroscopy and HR-TEM where FESEM-EDS determined the purity of CuO NPs. Results: No other impurities present were observed in EDS, and the PXRD spectra show the crystallite size of CuO NPs with respect to the (002) plane is found to be 25.2 nm, and the presence of CuO NPs at adsorption spectrum with a distinct peak at 282 nm was determined by  UV-Visible spectroscopy and the homogenous morphology and crystalline nature of the CuO NPs were determined from TEM micrograph and SAED pattern. In applications, the substantial anticancer activity of green CuO NPs (synthesized using Coix lacryma jobi leaves extract) was proved on human cervical and lung cancer cell lines with IC50 values of 31.88 μg/ml and 15.61 μg/ml, respectively.

Antheraea proylei J., an economically significant silkworm in the Northeastern region of India, is exclusively domesticated for Tasar silk production. This silkworm is susceptible to various diseases caused by bacteria, viruses, and fungi, including the recently dreadful viral disease dubbed tiger band disease. This viral infection causes damage to silkworm larvae affecting cocoon production, which causes significant losses to the economy of the silk industry. The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in host nutrition and immunity against various pathogens. However, less information is available on the diversity and ecology of the gut microbiota of this tasar silkworm. In the present study, we analyze molecular characterization and histopathological examination of gut-associated bacteria of healthy and diseased silkworms. We observed a loss of turbidity, lumen distortion, and insignificant secretory layer in diseased silkworms compared to healthy silkworms. Also, body fat becomes vacuolated and soft when compared to healthy silkworms. Results of 16S rRNA gene sequencing reveal Bacillus toyonensis and Bacillus thuringiensis as abundant bacterial genera in healthy larvae, whereas Bacillus aryabhattai and Bacillus megaterium were found in diseased larvae. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to study A. proylei midgut microbiota from a biodiversity hotspot in North-Eastern India. The current study might provide valuable insights into understanding the disease prognosis of tasar silkworms and potential disease management strategies for these economic silkworms.