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Background: Objective To assess the level of risk in posture associated work related musculoskeletal disorders in restaurant chefs using Rapid Entire Body Assessment [REBA]. Method: 30 subjects were included. Out of 30 subjects, all of them were males. The Mean Age, Weight, Height and working hours were 19.57 years, 52.06 kg, 185.28 cms and 8.63 hours respectively. Postures using REBA score sheet were evaluated based on the most difficult work tasks (based on observation and interview), the posture that was sustained for a longer period of time. Result: Body posture was evaluated using REBA sheet and it can be concluded that the major areas susceptible to painful working postures were of the neck and the wrist positions having the most frequent risk reported. Followed by the upper arm and trunk position having moderate risk and the least frequent area involved were legs and lower arm position. Conclusion: The study concludes that most of the restaurant chef’s fall under moderate risk of musculoskeletal disorders and require intervention and awareness about postural correction exercises to prevent further musculoskeletal injuries. Key words: Restaurant chefs, Posture, Rapid Entire Body Assessment, Ergonomics, Musculoskeletal risk.

Background: Osteoarthritis is a degenerative disease characterised by pain, stiffness and reduced ROM which results in difficulty in ADLs due to reduced functional performance and mobility. The purpose of this study is to evaluate and compare the effects of retro-walking on underwater treadmill along with conventional treatment and conventional treatment alone on pain, functional performance and mobility in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA).Methods: In this experimental study, 30 subjects with knee osteoarthritis fulfilling the inclusion & exclusion criteria were selected and randomly allocated in two groups. Control group received conventional closed chain exercises for 2 weeks. Experimental group received retro-walking on underwater treadmill for 10 minutes along with the conventional exercises. Outcome measures like visual analogue scale (VAS), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) and timed up and go (TUG) were used for pain, functional performance and mobility respectively. Comparison of intra-group changes was made using Wilcoxon signedrank test or paired t-test for all the outcome measures. The inter-group comparison for all the outcome measures was done using Mann-Whitney U-test.Results: Inter-group analysis showed a significant reduction in pain levels and improvement in functional performance and mobility in the experimental group. (p < 0.005) Conclusion: This concludes that retro-walking on underwater treadmill group is effective in reducing the pain levels, improving functional performance and mobility in patients with knee OA than the conventional treatment alone. Hence it can be used in the protocol.

Aim: To compare footprints of basketball players with those of non-playing individuals.Background: The human foot and ankle are the last segments and their joint, the last within the complex kinetic chain of the lower limb as a whole. The foot is one of the most important interaction parts of the body with the ground, especially in the upright posture. During growth, the foot changes not only its dimensions but also its shape. The lower leg, ankle and foot are the most commonly affected region causing pain and disability in athlete, especially in track & field. A high impact sport like Basketball with the high involvement of foot in the game may cause the anatomy of the foot to change. This may also lead to change in the arch of the foot and predispose it to the injury.Methodology:50 basketball players and 50 non playing healthy individuals were selected as per inclusion criteria. Demographic data like age, gender, height, weight, BMI and any injury in last 6 months were recorded for all study participants. For obtaining foot prints, ink was applied to the feet of the subjects. The subjects were then asked to step on graph paper in standing position, leaving a clear impression of foot's plantar surface on the paper. The various distances in cms were taken using a transparent ruler. The flat index and arch index was also calculated.Result: Statistical analysis of the above graph showed significant difference in A, C, D,G between basketball and non-playing individuals. The other values (B, E, F,C/E) were not found to be statistically different. Conclusion:The distance A (from 1 st toe to heel),distance D(metatarsal distance),distance C(length of the longitudinal arch contour) and distance G(narrowest distance of the foot) are increased in basketball players as compared to non playing individuals. Also the Arch index is more in basketball players which indicated a relatively flatter feet in basketball players as compared to non players. This indicates a flatter feet in basketball players as compared to non playing individuals.

Background: Cricket bowlers often have to perform overhead throwing due to which in the dominant arm, compared with the nondominant arm the magnitude of glenohumeral internal rotation is decreased and magnitude of external rotation is increased. Glenohumeral internal rotation deficits (GIRD) are deficits of internal rotation and total arc of motion in the dominant side which is common in overhead athletes including cricket bowlers. Hence the aim of the study was to compare the effectiveness of muscle energy technique vs mulligan in patients with glenohumeral internal rotation deficit. Methodology: 30 patients were included in the study which was divided into two groups; Group A with 15 patients and Group B with 15 patients.30 cricket bowlers with presence of glenohumeral internal rotation deficit were selected. Before application of muscle energy technique and mulligan active shoulder range of motion using full scale goniometer was taken. Treatment was given for 4 weeks, 6 sessions per week. All patients were given hotpacks and stretching for internal rotators before treatment. The difference of pre and post was then calculated. The data was statistically analysed using paired t-test. Results: Mulligan mobilization and met are both effective in improving glenohumeral internal rotation deficit in 4 weeks. Conclusion: Mulligan mobilization and met helps to improve glenohumeral internal rotation deficit almost with same margin. Key words: cricket bowlers, Glenohumeral internal rotation deficit, mulligan, Met