The recent advances in IC technology have led to the trend of designing hybrid systems to benefit both analog and the digital domain. Among analog circuits, multifunctional filter along with multiphase oscillator constitutes a building block of critical importance. In this paper, a digitally reconfigurable multi-input-multi-output voltage mode multifunctional biquadratic filter has been presented. The circuit comprises of two differential voltage current conveyors (DVCCs), two grounded capacitors and two floating resistors. The digital controllability is incorporated using a current-summing network (CSN). Tunability of quality factor is achieved by the use of a 3-bit digital control word while keeping the resonant frequency constant. PSPICE simulations using TSMC 0.25 μm CMOS technology have been performed to validate the theoretically predicted results.

Background: To present myriad and unique presentation of Vogt-Kayanagi-Harada Disease (VKHD) and Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) resembling syndrome. Methods: This is observational series of four cases of VKH disease with variable unique visual presentation which ranged from blurring of vision, tinnitus, hot flushes on face and abdomen, presence of floaters with hedache, breathlessness and history of weight loss. The patient age ranged from 14-56 years. Symptoms developed acutely ranging from 4-12 weeks. Visual acuity varied from 1/60 to 6/6 on Snellen chart. A detailed ophthalmic evaluation, radio imaging and neuroimaging were done as needed on patients. FFA confirmed disc leakage, subretinal pooling of dye in posterior pole and pin point leaks in three cases. The fourth case revealed dilated capillaries, pin point leaks outside zone of hyperflourescence and presence of leopard spots.USG B-scan in same case showed choroidal thickening and an oval hypointense juxtapappilary lesion. OCT-macula revealed a convex retinal profile, thickening of retinal pigment epithelium choriocapillaries complex, multiple subretinal low reflective areas consisting with serous neurosensory detachment and hyper reflective spots in inner retinal areas consistent with findings suggestive of metastasis. All four patients presented in acute uveitic stage. Barring one patient, three patients had bilateral disease. Incomplete VKH disease was diagnosed in three cases. Metastatic intraocular carcinoma with multiorgan involvement with primary in cervix was diagnosed in one case. Two cases of VKH disease were in remission having responded well to oral steroids and immunesuppresive therapy. One case passed to chronic stage with visual deterioration. One case with multi-organ metastasis went on to receive chemotherapy, brachytherapy, whole body and pelvic radiation. Conclusions: VKH disease has variable presentation and a high degree of suspicion is needed to differentiate it from similar occurring malignant and non-malignant intraocular inflammation. Early staging of VKH disease helps in planning adequate treatment leading to greater improvement in disease outcome and simultaneously preventing progression to chronic stage.

Aim: To study presentation of ocular cysticercosis and to evaluate its demographic data, diagnosis, treatment and outcome in hill population of Northern India. Materials and methods: This is a retrospective study carried out in Dehradun, Uttarakhand in a tertiary eye care hospital over 4 years from 2016-2020. The study involved 38 patients who presented with unilateral eye disease and were diagnosed to have ocular or adenexal cysticercosis. We analysed retrospectively their geographical data, clinical presentation, serology, imaging, response to treatment and clinical outcome. Results: Age of patients ranged from 16-54 years. Male to female ratio was 1:3.75. Total no. of eyes affected were 38. All were unilateral presentation. 30 eyes (78.94%) presented with extraocular cysticercosis and 8 eyes (21.05%) with intraocular cysticercosis. 27 of the patients (71.05%) were from lower socioeconomic status with poor hygiene and sanitation conditions. 32 (89.21%) patients gave history of association with non-vegetarian diet. Extraocular cysticercosis group had restriction of ocular motility as most prevalent presentation seen in 16 eyes (53.33%) and proptosis as the most prevalent sign seen in 17 eyes (56.66%). Cyst

Introduction: The corona virus disease (COVID)-19 is a severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) which is posing a great threat to mankind and has been associated with a high risk of opportunistic fungi infection presenting as rhino-orbital-cerebral-mucormycosis. We report a rare and never reported case of unilateral optic neuritis with contralateral central retinal artery (CRA) and central retinal vein (CRV) occlusion in a patient of post-COVID-19 rhino-orbital-cerebral-mucormycosis. Case Report: A 45-year-old diabetic, Indian gentleman reported to our clinic in Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India with complaints of bilateral diminution of vision in right eye (RE) five days and left eye (LE) five weeks duration. He provided recent history of COVID-19 infection for which he was hospitalized and treated. Fundus examination confirmed optic neuritis in right eye and a combined established central retinal artery and vein occlusion in left eye. Fundus fluorescein angiography, visual evoked potential, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were crucial in clinching the diagnosis. Conclusion: Rhino-orbital-cerebral-mucormycosis invades tissue through multiple routes. However, it is extremely rare to see a combination of angioinvasion leading to visual loss in one eye and perineural spread leading to optic neuritis and visual loss in the contralateral eye. Clinicians must be aware of such rare presentations which could serve as benchmark in diagnosis and treatment.

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