The purpose of this algorithm is to offer heightened security for data transmission. The data may include any alphabet, numerals, or special characters. This work proposes an improved version of a 3-D Playfair cipher, by improving the complexity of encryption and decryption. The algorithm uses a 5x5 key matrix for encoding, which not only increases the complexity by providing each character with threedimensional uniqueness, but also eliminates the idea of dummy characters required in other versions of this cipher. One can consider various types of cryptography attacks and comparisons of the resistance offered by the proposed algorithm with the resistance offered by existing algorithms to judge its practicality.

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Background: Cardiac gene therapies lack effective delivery methods to the myocardium. While direct injection has demonstrated success over a small region, homogenous gene expression requires many injections over a large area. To address this need, we developed a minimally invasive flexible parallel wire robot for epicardial interventions. To accurately deploy it onto the beating heart, an introducer mechanism is required. Methods: Two mechanisms are presented. Assessment of the robot's positioning, procedure time, and pericardium insertion forces are performed on an artificial beating heart. Results: Successful positioning was demonstrated. The mean procedure time was 230 ± 7 seconds for mechanism I and 259 ± 4 seconds for mechanism II. The mean pericardium insertion force was 2.2 ± 0.4 N anteriorly and 3.1 ± 0.4 N posteriorly. Conclusion:Introducer mechanisms demonstrate feasibility in facilitating the robot's deployment on the epicardium. Pericardium insertion forces and procedure times are consistent and reasonable.