Protein ubiquitylation is a dynamic post-translational modification that can be reversed by deubiquitylating enzymes (DUBs). It is unclear how the small number (∼100) of DUBs present in mammalian cells regulate the thousands of different ubiquitylation events. Here, we analysed annotated transcripts of human DUBs and found ∼300 ribosome-associated transcripts annotated as protein coding, which thus increases the total number of DUBs. By using USP35, a poorly studied DUB, as a case study, we provide evidence that alternative isoforms contribute to the functional expansion of DUBs. We show that there are two different USP35 isoforms that localise to different intracellular compartments and have distinct functions. Our results reveal that isoform 1 is an anti-apoptotic factor that inhibits staurosporine- and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL; also known as TNFSF10)-induced apoptosis. In contrast, USP35 isoform 2 is an integral membrane protein of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) that is also present at lipid droplets. Manipulations of isoform 2 levels cause rapid ER stress, likely through deregulation of lipid homeostasis, and lead to cell death. Our work highlights how alternative isoforms provide functional expansion of DUBs and sets directions for future research.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.

Abstract-In this article, design and analysis of a dual-band ring dielectric resonator based radiator with circular polarization features is explored. The presented ring DRA is excited with the help of a tilted modified square-shaped aperture. Two important attractive features of the present article are: (i) two radiating modes originated inside the ring DRA, i.e., HEM 11δ and HEM 12δ mode; (ii) tilted modified square aperture generates circular polarized (CP) wave in both the operating frequency bands. For verifying the simulated results, practical model of the proposed antenna has been fabricated and verified. Experimental outcomes display that the proposed radiator functions over dual frequency bands, i.e., 2.8-3.58 GHz and 5.5-5.92 GHz respectively. 3-dB axial ratio (AR) frequency ranges of the proposed radiator are 2.8-3.2 GHz and 5.85-6.0 GHz, respectively. These appearances make it appropriate for some important wireless applications such as wireless LAN (2.4/5.2 GHz) and WiMAX (2.5 GHz) applications.

This letter investigates an integrated antenna configuration for WLAN/WiMAX applications. The proposed composite antenna configuration is simply the grouping of ring dielectric resonator along with reformed square‐shaped slot antenna. Three significant characteristics of proposed article are: (1) aperture act as magnetic dipole and excite HE11δ mode in ring dielectric resonator antenna; (2) reforming of square aperture generates orthogonal modes in ring DRA and creates CP in lower frequency band; (3) annular‐shaped Microstrip line along with reformed square aperture creates CP wave in upper frequency band. With the purpose of certifying the simulated outcomes, prototype of proposed structure is fabricated and tested. Good settlement is to be got between experimental and software generated outcome. Experimental outcomes show that the proposed radiating structure is operating over 2 frequency bands that is, 2.88‐3.72 and 5.4‐5.95 GHz. Measured 3‐dB axial ratio bandwidth in lower and upper frequency band is approximately 9.52% (3.0‐3.4 GHz) and 5.85% (5.64‐5.98 GHz), respectively. These outcomes indicate that the proposed composite antenna structure is appropriate for WLAN and WiMAX applications.

Plants have been played an important role as a resource of natural medicines for human health, from the long period of time. Some plants show antimicrobial properties. The most important merit of using plant derived medicines is that they are low priced, readily available and showing minor side effect. The present study deals with the antibacterial potential of crude extracts of petals of Rosa indica. Through agar disk diffusion method the antimicrobial potential of Rosa indica was examined. Petals were collected, dried and its crude extract was obtained. Methanol and acetone were used as the extraction solvent. These extract were examined against two gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus) and two gram-negative (E-coli, Salmonella typhi) bacteria. Extracts prepared by all solvents showed antimicrobial action and established zone(s) of inhibition. By performing phytochemical tests we have observed positive results for flavanoid, tannin and alkaloid. These phytochemical have capability to inhibit the growth of microorganism or can fight against microorganism. Rich source of compounds have been obtained in this particular plant. For inhibition of multiple drug resistant microorganisms, this extract can be tested. For making herbal drugs, extract of Rosa indica may prove to be useful as an advance step in future.