Primary localised bladder amyloidosis is a very rare entity, with only 200 cases reported worldwide. Our case illustrates the classical presentation of isolated bladder amyloidosis with frank painless haematuria and irritative voiding symptoms.

What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?• Prostate cancer is a significant cause of mortality among men. A number of prognostic instruments exist to predict the risk of recurrence among patients with localised prostate cancer. This systematic review examines the totality of evidence in relation to the predictive value of the CAPRA clinical predication rule by combining all studies that validate the rule. Objectives• To perform a systematic review with meta-analysis that assesses the 3-and 5-year predictive value of the CAPRA rule, a clinical prediction rule derived to predict biochemical-recurrence-free survival in men with localized prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy.• To examine the predictive value of the CAPRA rule at 3 and 5 years stratified by risk group (0-2 low risk, 3-5 intermediate risk, 6-10 high risk). Patients and Methods• A systematic literature search was performed to retrieve papers that validated the CAPRA score.• The original derivation study was used as a predictive model and applied to all validation studies with observed and predicted biochemical-recurrence-free survival at 3 and 5 years stratified by risk group (0-2 low, 3-5 intermediate, 6-10 high).• Pooled results are presented as risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals, in terms of over-prediction (RR > 1) or under-prediction (RR < 1) of biochemical-recurrence-free survival at 3 and 5 years.• A chi-squared test for trend was computed to determine if there was a decreasing trend in survival across the three CAPRA risk categories. Results• Seven validation studies (n = 12 693) predict recurrence-free survival at 5 years after radical prostatectomy. • The chi-squared trend analysis indicates that, as the trichotomized CAPRA score increases, the probability of survival decreases (P < 0.001). Conclusions• The results of this pooled analysis confirm the ability of the CAPRA rule to correctly predict biochemical-recurrencefree survival at 3 years after radical prostatectomy.• The rule under-predicts recurrence-free survival 5 years after radical prostatectomy across all three strata of risk.

therapy. Grading of 206 NB specimens was compared with their corresponding RP specimens. The discrepancy rate between NB and RP GS was assessed for each combination of GG. Intermediate-(GS 7, defined as GS 3 + 4 alone vs GS 7) and highgrade (GS 4 + 3 and GS 8-10 vs GS 8-10) classifications were compared. The level of agreement and the κ coefficient for each system was assessed. RESULTSIn NB, GS 6 was most frequently diagnosed (53%); after RP, GS 3 + 4 was most frequent (36%). In 42% of cases the exact GG remained unchanged after RP, increasing to 48% for GS 6 and GS 3 + 4. Overall 42% of cases showed an increase in their GG. In GS 6 NBs, the rate of increase in the primary GG or increase in the GS was 52%. Biopsy GS 6 and 3 + 4 showed the highest levels of agreement between NB and RP. Low-grade prostate cancer on NB was upgraded in 52% of cases; high-grade prostatic adenocarcinoma was downgraded in 27-77% of cases depending on the grading system used.

Soft-tissue sarcomas of the genitourinary tract account for only 1–2% of urological malignancies and 2.1% of soft-tissue sarcomas in general. A 69-year-old male complained of a 4 month history of a painless right groin swelling during routine urological review for prostate cancer follow-up. Clinical examination revealed a non-tender, firm right inguinoscrotal mass. There was no discernible cough impulse. Computed tomography of abdomen and pelvis showed a non-obstructed right inguinal hernia. During elective hernia repair a solid mass involving the spermatic cord and extending into the proximal scrotum was seen. The mass was widely resected and a right orchidectomy was performed. Pathology revealed a paratesticular sarcoma. He proceeded to receive adjuvant radiotherapy. Only around 110 cases of leiomyosarcoma of the spermatic cord have been described in the literature. They commonly present as painless swellings in the groin. The majority of diagnoses are made on histology.

A 58-year-old Caucasian male presented to the urology clinic reporting an approximate one-year history of a persistent irritating, slowly progressive, glans penis redness. Biopsy revealed penile squamous cell carcinoma in situ. He underwent a partial glansectomy with circumcision and skin grafting. At three months follow-up there is no evidence of local disease recurrence. In western countries, primary malignant penile cancer is uncommon, with an incidence of less than 1 per 100,000 males. Squamous cell cancer accounts for more than 95% of cases of penile cancer. Squamous cell carcinoma in situ on the penile mucosa or transitional surfaces is also known as Erythroplasia of Queyrat. In the region, one third of penile squamous cell carcinoma in situ cases progress to invasive squamous cell carcinoma.