The 2019 novel coronavirus officially named as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic by the World Health Organization, has spread to more than 180 countries. The ongoing global pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, which causes COVID-19, spread to the United Kingdom (UK) in January 2020. Transmission within the UK was confirmed in February, leading to an epidemic with a rapid increase in cases in March. As on April 25- 2020, there have been 148,377 confirmed cases of COVID-19 in the UK and 20,319 people with confirmed infection have died. Survival of critically ill patients is frequently associated with significant functional impairment and reduced health-related quality of life. Early physiotherapy and community rehabilitation of COVID-19 patients has recently been identified as an essential therapeutic tool and has become a crucial evidence-based component in the management of these patients. This comprehensive narrative review aims to describe recent progress in the application of physiotherapy management in COVID 19 patients. Assessment and evidence- based treatment of these patients should include prevention, reduction of adverse consequences in immobilization, and long-term impairment sequelae. A variety of techniques and modalities of early physiotherapy in intensive care unit are suggested by clinical research. They should be applied according to the stage of the disease, comorbidities, and patient’s level of cooperation.

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The perception and execution of musculoskeletal control and movement are mediated primarily by the central nervous system and involve the integration of three main subsystems: somatosensory, vestibular, and visual. Balance performance and its measurement are influenced by these sub-systems. This present study was carried out to investigate the effectiveness of neuromuscular-controlled training exercises, comprising BOSU-ball balance training and conventional physiotherapy exercise training protocols, in terms of stability, balance, and proprioception in athletes diagnosed with lateral ligament injury of the ankle joint. The Y Balance test was used as a reliable and valid tool for quantitative balance assessment. Thirteen players (aged between 19 to 26 years, Mean age = 23.2; SD = 2.46) suffering from grade II & grade III lateral ligament injury were recruited from the OPD of the department of Orthopaedics of the Hospital of Universiti Sains Malaysia. All participants were subjected to pre-intervention or baseline assessments consisting of a of Y-balance test and assessment of proprioception employing Biodex 4 Isokinetic Equipment. Participants were then introduced to 12 sessions of a neuromuscular controlled training program (30 min/day; 2 days/wk. for 6 wk.). Findings of the study revealed that six weeks of neuromuscular exercises training significantly improved balance, with certain significant aspects of proprioception observed among young athletes diagnosed with ankle lateral ligament injury.

AIMS: Screen time has been proven to be associated with overweight and obesity among pediatric. However, the relationship between these two variables has not been confirmed among university students in Malaysia who are having increasing screen time. Hence, this study is conducted to examine the association between screen time and body mass index (BMI) among university students. METHODS: A total of 390 university students (female=236, male=154) with a mean age of 20.17 years old were involved in this study. They completed the Screen Time Based Sedentary Behaviour Questionnaire for total screen time assessment. Body height and weight were measured to calculate body mass index (BMI). RESULTS: Prevalence of overweight and obesity were not high among university students (12.3% and 4.4%). Male subjects have generally higher BMI compared to female subjects. The smartphone was the most common device owned by subjects (33%). The screen time of subjects was high as there were 97.4% of subjects fell under the category of high screen time (> 2 hours). However, screen time was not significantly associated with BMI (p=0.36). The only variable which associated with screen time was the devices owned by subjects (p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Screen time was not significantly associated with BMI among university students. Future study should include the relationship of other factors on BMI among university students. KEYWORDS: Screen time; body mass index. RESUMOOBJETIVOS: Foi demonstrado que o tempo de tela está associado ao sobrepeso e à obesidade nos pacientes pediátricos. No entanto, a relação entre essas duas variáveis não foi confirmada entre estudantes universitários na Malásia, que estão tendo um aumento no tempo de tela. Desse modo, o objetivo desses estudo é avaliar a associação entre tempo de tela e o indice de maasa corporal (IMC) entre estudantes universitários. MÉTODOS: Um total de 390 estudantes universitários (sexo feminino=236, masculino=154) com idade média de 20,17 anos foram envolvidos neste estudo. Eles completaram o Questionário de Comportamento Sedentário Baseado no Tempo de Tela para avaliação total do tempo de tela. A altura corporal e o peso foram medidos para calcular o índice de massa corporal (IMC). RESULTADOS: A prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade não foi alta entre os universitários (12,3% e 4,4%). Indivíduos do sexo masculino têm geralmente um IMC mais alto em comparação com indivíduos do sexo feminino. O smartphone foi o dispositivo mais comum de propriedade dos sujeitos (33%). O tempo de tela dos participantes foi alto, pois 97,4% dos sujeitos caíram na categoria de tempo de tela alta (> 2 horas). No entanto, o tempo de tela não foi significativamente associado ao IMC (p=0,36). A única variável associada ao tempo de tela foram os dispositivos pertencentes aos sujeitos (p=0,001). CONCLUSÕES: O tempo de tela não foi significativamente associado com o IMC entre os estudantes universitários. Estudos futuros devem incluir a relação de outros fatores sobre o IMC entre estudantes universitários. DESCRITORES: T...

Background: Cerebral palsy is defined as a non-progressive insult to a developing or immature central nervous system (CNS), particularly to those areas that affect motor function. People with spastic diplegia typically walk slowly and have difficulty in performing activities such as walking up and down steps or running. People with spastic diplegia typically walk slowly and have difficulty in performing activities such as walking up and down steps or running. Purpose of the study: The aim of this study is to find out that whether quadriceps strengthening can improve the gait and if this exercise protocol is successful then it can be implemented for children with spastic diplegia. Method: 30 Spastic diplegic children of both genders with age 4-12 years satisfying inclusion criteria were included for the study. The children were divided in two groups Group A(Experimental Group) and Group B (Control Group) having 15 children each. Cadence and distance covered in 3 min walk test was calculated before the test and was documented as Pre test Score.This assessment was done by making the child to walk in room with a length of 10 meter. Two bright coloured poles were kept at the end of 8 meters and the child was asked to walk around it.The researcher assessed initially the cadence Then a rest period of 10 minutes was given and 3 minute walk test was performed. Time was calculated by stop watch. The interventions were given for 5 days a week for 2 weeks and each session lasted for 90 minutes. Group A was given Stretching exercises, quadriceps strengthening exercises with free ankle weights half squats, sit to stand and step ups. Group B was administered only conventional exercises. Post treatment data was taken and statistical analysis was performed. Results: The results of unpaired t-test comparing the difference of pre and post treatment values of Group A and Group B showed improvement in mean difference in values of cadence (t=12.2, p=0.000) and distance ambulated in 3 Minute Walk Test(t=14.627, p=0.000).Conclusion: The results of this randomized clinical trial support the view that two weeks of strengthening program was effective in increasing cadence and distance walked in three min walk test in children with spastic diplegia.