Background and objectives: Physical load causes structural changes in the heart that vary depending on the type of training and may affect the function of the heart. Aim of the study: To determine, using the applied co-integration method on algebraic data, the impact of sprinting and of endurance adaptation on the dynamic interactions of cardiovascular functional indices while participants were performing under an increasing workload, up to their inability to continue. Materials and Methods: Healthy athletes were chosen to take part in this study and were separated into two groups: Sprinters (n = 11) and endurance athletes (n = 13). The bicycle ergometric method of incremental increase in a provocative workload (graded stress) was used. The heart rate, stroke volume, and cardiac output were determined using the tetrapolar rheography method. Results: Individuals who are adapted to endurance while carrying physical loads, in contrast to well adapted sprinters, are characterized with a lower rate of changing the pace of interactions between stroke volume and cardiac output while performing at an increasing workload up to their inability to continue. Also, endurance athletes displayed a long and relatively stable phase as well as a greater decrease of interaction between indices at the end of the workload. At the beginning of the exercise, the interaction between the stroke volume and the cardiac output was reduced. However, as the physical load continued, this interaction became significantly stronger. The comparison of the stroke volume and the cardiac output’s dynamic interaction revealed that the endurance group had a greater working capacity. Conclusions: Typical dynamics of interactions during the testing with an increasing physical load can be differentiated into separate phases: The decrease of interaction at the onset of the load, the increase during the continuation of an increased workload, and the decrease at the last stages of the load.

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Background. A lot of studies have shown the Differential Training (DT) is more effective than the traditional training based on repetition at constant conditions. The aim of this study was to find the changes in dynamical concatenation between ECG parameters during the DT task. Methods. Participants (13 healthy adult males) performed two balance tests standing on LIBRA balance board. Continuous ECG registration during both balance tests and during the rest was 3 minutes. The changeable parametric interactions and its dynamics during exercise tasks while monitoring ECG parameters and its data sequences analysis based on mathematical method based on matrix theory were applied, the concatenation between ECG parameters were analysed. Results. Results obtained during the study showed that there were no drastic differences between ECG parameters while performing both balance tests. The concatenation between analysed ECG parameters increased or there was no significant change. The decrease of concatenation was observed during the second task while the participants performed the squats standing on the balance board. This type of change in concatenation was found during the analysis of all ECG parameters, i.e. between duration of RR intervals and QRS, between JT and RR intervals and between QRS and JT intervals. Conclusion. DT tasks trigger the decrease of concatenation between cardiovascular parameters that allows discussing about the hypothesis that decrease of concatenation between systemic regulatory commands and cardiac metabolic changes could be one of possible chain activating and enhancing the efficiency of long-term adaptation at conditions of DT.

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