This article examines the transplantation from Nigeria to Canada of the Redeemed Christian Church of God (RCCG). It argues that the concept of reverse mission, an increasingly popular view held by some scholars and church leaders that churches from Africa, South America and Asia are now re-evangelising the secular Western world, is but a rhetoric and a myth that does not describe the true nature of the church's activities in Canada. Statistics have shown that there is a decline in church attendance in the Western world including Canada. However, this research establishes that RCCG parishes in Canada are far from being successful with regards to their purported efforts to arrest this through a reverse mission. Instead of winning new souls for Christ among the secularised Canadians, the RCCG is only actively serving its predominantly black congregation. The two largest parishes of the church in Canada were used as a case study to determine that the reverse flow or reverse mission is not successful as some have wrongly assumed.

This article investigates the changes to and achievements of Nigeria’s foreign and defence policies from 1985 to 1993. It also examines the economic, political, and sociocultural implications of these policies on the nation. The article argues that despite some identified failures of Ibrahim Babangida’s regime, certain innovations and actions, especially the foreign and defence policies that were introduced and carried out by his government, were signif icant in nature. The article also addresses the interlocking relationship between defence and foreign policy execution and concludes with recommendations on how this can be managed to promote the effectiveness of Nigeria’s external relations. The article depended largely on archival materials from the Nigerian Institute of International Affairs, supported by scholarly journal articles, books and newspaper materials. Dele Jemirade, Department of History, Faculty of Liberal Arts and Professional Studies, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Email: delej@yorku.ca

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This article re-examines and reassesses Nigeria's foreign policy from 1960 to 1979. From independence in 1960, all the administrations in Nigeria had similar foreign policy objectives until 1975 when General Murtala Mohammed became the Head of State. General Mohammed was killed in a failed military coup d'état and General Olusegun Obasanjo, his deputy, became the head of state; hence, the usage of Mohammed-Obasanjo administration. The administration of Mohammed and Obasanjo witnessed the first time that Nigerian broke away from her traditional-moderate way of pursuing foreign policy objectives to a new style with emphasis on action, rather rhetoric. The aim of this review article was to re-examine and reassess the transformations in Nigeria's foreign policy and diplomacy during the administration of Mohammed and Obasanjo. This review article discovers that Nigeria's foreign policy truly transformed from reactionary, conservative, static, and lacklustre nature to inspiring, progressive, radical, and dynamic during the administration of Generals Murtala Mohammed and Olusegun Obasanjo. The article concluded that the Mohammed-Obasanjo's foreign policy was the best in Nigeria from independence in 1960 to 1979 when Obasanjo handed power to President Shehu Shagari.

This article examines and assesses the neglected development of a viable and sustainable tourism industry in Nigeria, and its adverse effect on the economy and the country in general. The article also analyses the factors responsible for the neglect of the industry and why Nigeria failed to generate substantial revenues from tourism despite the great potential. The article argues that Nigeria had potentials from independence in 1960 to present day and missed so many opportunities to develop a viable and sustainable tourism industry. The article further argues that for more than twenty-eight years, the military governments entrenched avarice, corruption, insecurity, indiscipline, tribalism, nepotism, and overdependence on oil revenues, which negatively disrupted tourism development and the overall growth and development of the nation. The civilian governments did not do better than the military; they were not serious and concentrated on the oil revenue at the detriment of other economic sectors including tourism. It is concluded here that there is still an opportunity to reverse the loss, but serious effort has to be made for it to be archived.