Drugs that inhibit estrogen receptor-α (ER) activity have been highly successful in treating and reducing breast cancer progression in ER-positive disease. However, resistance to these therapies presents a major clinical problem. Recent genetic studies have shown that mutations in the ER gene are found in >20% of tumours that progress on endocrine therapies. Remarkably, the great majority of these mutations localise to just a few amino acids within or near the critical helix 12 region of the ER hormone binding domain, where they are likely to be single allele mutations. Understanding how these mutations impact on ER function is a prerequiste for identifying methods to treat breast cancer patients featuring such mutations. Towards this end, we used CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing to make a single allele knockin of the most commonly mutated amino acid residue, tyrosine 537, in the estrogen-responsive MCF7 breast cancer cell line. Genomic analyses using RNA-seq and ER ChIP-seq demonstrated that the Y537S mutation promotes constitutive ER activity globally, resulting in estrogen-independent growth. MCF7-Y537S cells were resistant to the anti-estrogen tamoxifen and fulvestrant. Further, we show that the basal transcription factor TFIIH is constitutively recruited by ER-Y537S, resulting in ligand-independent phosphorylation of Serine 118 (Ser118) by the TFIIH kinase, CDK7. The CDK7 inhibitor, THZ1 prevented Ser118 phosphorylation and inhibited growth of MCF7-Y537S cells. These studies confirm the functional importance of ER mutations in endocrine resistance, demonstrate the utility of knockin mutational models for investigating alternative therapeutic approaches and highlight CDK7 inhibition as a potential therapy for endocrine resistant breast cancer mediated by ER mutations.
A mulher passa por um importante processo de reformulação da imagem corporal quando lida com o câncer de mama. Este artigo objetiva a compreensão da relação que o câncer de mama e seus tratamentos têm no processo de (re)elaboração da imagem corporal das mulheres, visando assim ao fomento de subsídios para a formação e a capacitação de profissionais de saúde mais atentos à promoção da qualidade de vida delas. Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática da literatura de artigos científicos publicados entre 2004 e 2009 disponíveis em três bases de dado; 56 artigos foram revisados e agrupados em quatro categorias. Destacamos a necessidade de mais estudos que contemplem características socioculturais de mulheres com câncer de mama, sobre diferenças na (re)elaboração da imagem corporal de mulheres jovens e de mulheres mais velhas, e de publicações brasileiras sobre a experiência pessoal e aspectos socioculturais específicos de mulheres com câncer de mama.
RESUMO -O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar quanto às características químicas e físico-químicas frutos de 12 genótipos de acerola (Malpighia punicifolia L.), em processo de seleção pela Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura, visando a identificar aqueles com altos teores de vitamina C e elevada relação Brix/acidez. Os frutos analisados foram colhidos no estágio de maturação "de vez", na safra de setembro a outubro dos anos de 1997 e 1998. Os resultados obtidos para vitamina C variaram de 835 a 1820 mg de ácido ascórbico por 100 g de polpa, para sólidos solúveis totais de 6,0 a 11,6%, para acidez total titulável de 0,69 a 1,65%, para relação Brix/ acidez de 4,24 a 11,59 e para pH de 3,08 a 3,57. Dentre os genótipos analisados, o CMF022 e o CMF019 apresentaram os maiores teores de vitamina C e os menores valores para a relação Brix/acidez, enquanto os genótipos CMF015, CMF008 e CMF010 apresentaram a maior relação Brix/acidez, nos dois anos do experimento.Termos para indexação: cereja-das-Antilhas, vitamina C, relação Brix/acidez, pós-colheita PHYSICOCHEMICAL EVALUATION IN FRUITS FROM DIFFERENT GENOTYPES OF BARBADOS CHERRY (Malpighia punicifolia L.)ABSTRACT -The objective of this work was to evaluate chemical and physicochemical characteristics of fruits of 12 west indian cherry (Malpighia punicifolia L.) genotypes undergoing a selection process at Embrapa Cassava and Fruit Crops, aiming to identify those with high vitamin C content and total soluble solids (TSS)/total titratable acidity (TTA) ratio. Fruits were harvested at the half mature stage in the September/October harvest, in 1997 and 1998. The results showed values ranging from 835 to 1,820 mg of ascorbic acid per 100 g of pulp, 6.0 to 11.6% for the TSS, 0.69 to 1.65% for the TTA, 4,24 to 11,59 for the TSS/TTA ratio and 3.08 to 3.57 for the pH. Among the genotypes studied, CMF022 and CMF019 presented the highest vitamin C content and the lowest TSS/TTA ratio, whereas CMF015, CMF008 and CMF010 had the highest TSS/TTA ratio, in 1997 and 1998.
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