Objective:The Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure (CIAF) can only be applied to children under 5 years of age and does not contemplate obesity. The aim of this study was to propose an Extended CIAF (ECIAF) that combines the characterization of malnutrition due to undernutrition and excess weight, and apply it in six Argentine provinces.Design:ECIAF excludes children not in anthropometric failure (group A) and was calculated from a percentage of children included in malnutrition categories B: wasting only; C: wasting and underweight; D: wasting, stunting and underweight; E: stunting and underweight; F: stunting only; Y: underweight only; G: only weight excess; and H: stunting and weight excess.Setting:Cross-sectional study conducted in Buenos Aires, Catamarca, Chubut, Jujuy, Mendoza and Misiones (Argentina).Participants:10 879 children of both sexes aged between 3 and 13·99.Results:ECIAF in preschool children (3 to 4·99 years) was 15·1 %. The highest prevalence was registered in Mendoza (16·7 %) and the lowest in Misiones (12·0 %). In school children (5 to 13·99 years) ECIAF was 28·6 %. Mendoza also recorded the highest rate (30·7 %), while Catamarca and Chubut had the lowest values (27·0 %). In the whole sample, about 25 % of the malnutrition was caused by undernutrition and 75 % by excess weight.Conclusions:The ECIAF summarizes anthropometric failure by both deficiency and excess weight and it highlights that a quarter of the malnutrition in the Argentine population was caused by undernutrition, although there are differences between Provinces (P < 0·05). ECIAF estimates are higher than those of CIAF or under-nutrition.
The distribution of weight and height of schoolchildren, coming from most regions of the country, differs from those of national and international references. It should be advisable to establish a new national reference based on internationally recognized methodological criteria that adequately reflect the biological and cultural diversity of the Argentinean populations.
To be female appears to be a benefit under conditions of prematurity and high altitude. The increased incidence of prematurity due to altitude increase may reflect an adaptive advantage of preterm birth under these conditions.
La hipertensión arterial (HTA) y la obesidad son problemas crecientes y de riesgo para el desarrollo de enfermedades crónicas, por ejemplo, el síndrome metabólico, entre otras. Son escasos los datos relativos a poblaciones de altura de América del Sur. El objetivo fue analizar las prevalencias de exceso de peso, obesidad abdominal e hipertensión arterial en mujeres adultas, residentes permanentes a más de 3000 msnm, de dos localidades de población concentrada de la Puna de Catamarca, Argentina. Se analizaron 105 mujeres adultas, de la villa de Antofagasta de la Sierra y El Peñón, de Antofagasta de la Sierra, Catamarca. Se obtuvieron las medidas de peso, talla, perímetro de cintura y valores de presión arterial sistólica (PAS) y diastólica (PAD). Se calculó el índice de masa corporal (IMC) e índice cintura-talla (ICT). El sobrepeso representó el 38,1%, la obesidad el 17,1% y la obesidad abdominal el 84%. La prevalencia de hipertensión arterial fue de 16,2%. Existe una correlación positiva entre IMC y la PAS, y entre la edad y la PAD. Los valores de PAS fueron significativamente mayores en mujeres con obesidad, respecto a aquellas con normopeso. No hubo diferencias de PAD según las categorías de estado nutricional. A su vez en mujeres normopesas no se observaron diferencias en los valores de PAS y PAD en presencia o ausencia de obesidad abdominal. La diferencia entre HTA en presencia de exceso de peso y obesidad abdominal no es significativa, y tampoco difiere en mujeres con normopeso con y sin obesidad abdominal. Conclusión: las mujeres adultas analizadas presentaron altas prevalencias de exceso de peso compatible en un contexto de transición nutricional. A su vez 9 de cada 10 mujeres presentaron obesidad abdominal junto a bajas prevalencias dehipertensión arterial sin relación entre ellas. Se comprobó asociación sólo entre HTA y obesidad.
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