Older persons' perspectives regarding elder abuse remain little studied. However, definitions of elder abuse and effective prevention strategies require adaptation to the needs and cultures of targeted populations. This study explored the views of older persons and professionals to evaluate their converging and diverging perspectives toward elder abuse and its prevention. The study employed a qualitative approach where six focus groups were held in Western Switzerland (the French-speaking part of the country). Four focus groups with 25 older persons from varying socioeconomic backgrounds, and the other two focus groups were carried out with 16 professionals working in the field of elder abuse prevention. For the focus groups, we used the technique of free associations to begin the discussions and vignette-like statements to explore participants' attitudes toward elder abuse. These were followed by open-ended questions. The transcripts from the focus groups were analyzed thematically and resulted in four main themes: (a) varied associations of the term "abuse," (b) judging elder abuse situations in terms of abuse and severity, (c) self-identification with elder abuse, and (d) prevention of elder abuse. Study findings demonstrated that older persons hold views that are partly different from the views of professionals. Furthermore, perceptions of older persons could be stratified based on the socioeconomic status of the participants. These diverging perspectives reflect the heterogeneity of the senior citizen population and highlight the need for research cognizant of these differences. The results of this study provide strategies for improved targeting of preventive measures, underline the importance of integrating the perspectives of older persons, and reveal the need to expand the commonly accepted definitions of elder abuse so that they better reflect the affected individuals.
La lutte contre la maltraitance envers les personnes âgées a commencé à se développer en Suisse il y a une vingtaine d’années. Bien que les mesures spécifiques restent rares et soient portées essentiellement par le domaine associatif, de nombreux programmes et plans d’actions contribuent indirectement à la prévention. Cet article présente un aperçu général du dispositif actuel de lutte contre la maltraitance envers les aînés en Suisse et propose une perspective critique sur ses forces et ses lacunes. Il se base sur l’analyse de différents documents (rapports gouvernementaux, rapports de recherche, articles scientifiques, articles professionnels, textes de lois, etc.). L’analyse met en évidence la richesse et la diversité du dispositif suisse, mais également les défis liés au fédéralisme et au plurilinguisme. Elle souligne en particulier les disparités importantes entre les cantons et les régions linguistiques, le manque de collaboration entre réseaux professionnels en lien avec les domaines du vieillissement et des violences domestiques, l’inadéquation des ressources d’aide et de soutien aux besoins des victimes et des auteurs de violences âgés, ainsi que le manque de visibilité et de cohérence des mesures actuelles de prévention et de lutte contre la maltraitance envers les personnes âgées. Elle relève finalement la reconnaissance récente accordée à la problématique par la Confédération suisse.
Bien qu'il n'existe pas de définition consensuelle de la maltraitance envers les personnes âgées, celle proposée en 2002 par l'Organisation mondiale de la santé (OMS) dans la Toronto Declaration on the Global Prevention of Elder Abuse est la plus fréquemment utilisée. Cette déclaration définit la maltraitance comme : « Un acte unique ou répété, ou un manque d'action appropriée, qui survient dans le cadre d'une relation dans laquelle il y a une attente de confiance et qui cause un dommage ou de la détresse à une personne âgée. La maltraitance peut être de différentes formes : physique, psychologique/émotionnelle, sexuelle, financière ou simplement refléter une négligence intentionnelle ou involontaire. ». La maltraitance constitue une atteinte aux droits fondamentaux des aîné•e•s. Elle s'inscrit à la fois dans les champs de la santé et du social. En Suisse, elle est généralement abordée dans une perspective de santé publique.
As a greater part of the global population reaches the golden age, smart home technologies are said to allow older persons to remain independent at a place of residence, or “home”, of their own choice. Though their development has been making their way to the market, there has not been a systematic review of the empirical literature on the knowledge associated with their use for persons who are 65 years or older. Hence, we conducted a systematic review of empirical peer-reviewed English, German, and French articles in ten electronic databases. Data was textually described, separated into key characteristics, logged into a customized data extraction document, and analysed using narrative synthesis. The search across ten databases revealed 144 empirical papers that were admissible to our inclusion criteria. Of which, we discovered 5 first-order categories of benefits and 5 of barriers of smart home health technologies with further sub-themes that together form the concurrent array of existing knowledge. These categories included, for example, allows older persons to live independently at home, reminds older persons to promote self-care, and alternatively, concerns about usability, cost, and social acceptance. These systematically-derived categories of benefits and barriers could be a starting point for researchers interested in caregiving for older persons to conduct further empirical and reflective research. Furthermore, having this understanding of existing challenges and opportunities associated with smart home health technologies then allows the research and technical communities to collaborate upon a joint foundation to inform policy and improve caregiving for the global aging population.
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