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A recent two-factor model of socially desirable responding based on denial and attribution components was reviewed and disputed. A second model distinguishing self-deception and impression management components was reviewed and shown to be related to early factor-analytic work on desirability scales. Two studies were conducted to test the model. A factor analysis of commonly used desirability scales revealed that the two major factors were best interpreted as Self-Deception and Impression Management. A second study employed confirmatory factor analysis to show that the attribution/denial model does not fit the data as well as the selfdeception/impression management model. A third study compared scores on desirability scales under anonymous and public conditions. Results showed that those scales that had loaded highest on the Impression Management factor showed the greatest mean increase from anonymous to public conditions. It is recommended that impression management, but not self-deception, be controlled in self-reports of personality.

The unidimensional model of acculturation posits that heritage and mainstream culture identifications have a strong inverse relation, whereas the bidimensional model posits that the 2 identifications are independent. The authors compared these models in 3 samples of ethnic Chinese (ns = 164, 150, and 204), 1 sample of non-Chinese East Asians (n = 70), and one diverse group of accultumting individuals (n = 140). Although the unidimensional measure showed a coherent pattern of external correlates, the bidimensional measure revealed independent dimensions corresponding to heritage and mainstream culture identification. These dimensions displayed patterns of noninverse correlations with personality, self-identity, and psychosocial adjustment. The authors conclude that the bidimensional model is a more valid and useful operationalization of acculturation. The culture in which people live plays an important role in shaping their sense of self. Indeed, one facet of people's selfidentity is that they belong to a certain cultural group. Thus, they have a sense of themselves as being, for example, Canadian, American, or Chinese. When an individual moves from one culture to another, many aspects of self-identity are modified to accommodate information about and experiences within the new culture. This process, generally referred to as acculturation, involves changes that take place as a result of continuous and direct contact between individuals having different cultural origins (Redfield, Linton, & Herskovits, 1936). Such changes may be observed in a number of different domains, including attitudes, behaviors, values, and sense of cultural identity. At a fundamental level, then, acculturation involves alterations in the individual's sense of self. An examination of the extant literature on the acculturation process reveals two predominant formulations, which we term the Studies 1 and 2 were part of a master's thesis conducted by Andrew G. Ryder under the supervision of Lynn E. Alden. Preparation of this article was facilitated by research grants from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada. We thank Luke Conway, Jennifer Ritsher, Bryan Sokol, Roger Tweed, and Michelle Yik for their helpful comments on earlier versions of this article; John Berry and Richard Suinn for providing unpublished instruments that aided in the development of the

Reactions to trait self-enhancers were investigated in 2 longitudinal studies of person.perception in discussion groups. Groups of 4-6 participants met 7 times for 20 rain. After Meetings 1 and 7, group members rated their perceptions of one another. In Study 1, trait self-enhancement was indexed by measures of narcissism and self-deceptive enhancement. At the first meeting, self-enhancers made positive impressions: They were seen as agreeable, well adjusted, and competent. After 7 weeks, however, they were rated negatively and gave self-evaluations discrepant with peer evaluations they received. In Study 2, an independent sample of observers (close acquaintances) enabled a pretest index of discrepancy self-enhancement: It predicted the same deteriorating pattern of interpersonal perceptions as the other three trait measures. Nonetheless, all self-enhancement measures correlated positively with self-esteem.t They noted, for example, that the same self-report administration should not be used to identify both the self-enhancement and other characteristics of those self-enhancers. An association is predictable simply because all components of a questionnaire should show the same positive bias on the part of self-enhancers (Colvin et al.