Salinization is a global environmental problem. It is particularly prevalent in Africa in areas with a low rainfall trend such as the Senegalese groundnut basin where 20% of the land is affected. It reduces global food production by more than 10%. In Senegal, sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) moderately tolerant to drought and salinity is increasingly cultivated. It is an alternative to fight poverty in rural areas and allows the revaluation of salty land. The objective of this work is to evaluate at the early stage of reproduction the effect of salinity on the chlorophyll and ion (Na+ and Cl−) contents of four African varieties of sesame. The experimental device consists of randomized blocks with two factors and three repetitions. The sesame variety factor consists of four modalities (AS09, AS14, AS15 and AS25). The salinity factor or abiotic stress (NaCl) includes three modalities (0 mM, 17 mM and 34 mM). The parameters evaluated are the contents of Na+ and Cl− ions and of chlorophylls (Chl a, Chl b and total Chl). The results showed that the contents of chlorophylls (Chl a, Chl b and Chl) and Cl− and Na+ ions of sesame leaves increased with NaCl at 44 days after sowing. The Cl− contents of sesame leaves are higher than those of Na+ in all treatments. Chlorophyll increased with sesame varieties and salinity. Variety AS15 produced the greatest amounts of chlorophyll. Sesame, an inclusive-type plant, compartmentalizes Cl− and Na+ ions at the leaf level in vacuoles. He developed a tissue tolerance to salinity.

The use of chemical fertilizers has resulted in the depletion of soils in mineral elements and telluric microorganisms. Thus, for an improvement in crop growth, the exploitation of telluric microorganisms such as Pseudomonas can be an alternative. Laboratory work has made it possible to isolate strains of Pseudomonas from the rhizospheres of tomato, eggplant and onion. These strains were also tested in the presence of different concentrations of certain metals (CuSO4 and ZnSO4 (0, 1, 3, 4, 5 and 6 mmol/l). The tests carried out in the laboratory in the presence of Cu and Zn revealed a very significant reduction in the number of colonies of the strains of Pseudomonas for the concentrations of 5 and 6 mmol/l. The results showed better zinc tolerance for both tomato and onion rhizosphere strains. In the presence of Cu, the strain isolated from tomato rhizosphere shows more tolerance to heavy metals. These results made it possible to isolate different strains of Pseudomonas and to specify their tolerance thresholds for heavy metals.