Introduction Adrenal incidentalomas (AI) are adrenal masses that are discovered during radiological examinations conducted for other reasons. In this study, we focused on the pathological and radiological properties of nonfunctional AI(NFAI) and the association with malignancy risk in our clinical series. Methods A total of 186 patients underwent adrenalectomy between 2010 and 2017; of these, 76 (40.8%) patients with non-functional AI were included in the current study. The radiological and pathologic characteristics of these AIs were retrospectively analyzed to determine the malignancy rate. Results There were 22 (28.9%) male and 54 (71.1%) female patients with nonfunctional AI included in this study. The median age was 55 (range: 24-85) years. Of the patients included, 37 (48.6%) had AI on the left and 39 (51.3%) had AI on the right adrenal gland. Sixty-one (80.2%) cases were treated laparoscopically, four (5.3%) required conversion to open surgery due to intraoperative difficulties such as bleeding and adhesions, and 11 (14.4%) were managed with open adrenalectomy. The rate of malignancy in the tumors with diameters of <4 cm, 4-6 cm, and >6 cm was found to be 0%, 2.9%, and 13.6%, respectively. Conclusions Determining the ideal cutoff value for surgical indication in an NFAI is challenging. Besides the malignancy risk, the rate of silent pheochromacytomas must be taken into account in the surgical decision.
Background: Rarely, during the endoscopic thyroidectomy, carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) embolism may occur.Methods: Case 1: A 65-year-old female who was seen with prolonged fatigue and generalized bone pain was diagnosed primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) based on her preoperative biochemical profile. Transoral endoscopic parathyroidectomy vestibular approach (TOEPVA) was planned. Case 2: A 52-year-old male patient was seen with weakness and hepatosteatosis and was diagnosed PHPT based on the laboratory workup. TOEPVA was planned. Results: After subplatysmal dissection with vascular tunnel probe, both of the patients developed severe bradycardia and hypotension leading to asystole during the CO 2 insufflation. The possibility of CO 2 embolism was considered and insufflation was terminated. After a successful cardiac massage, sinus rhythm returned.
Conclusion:TOEPVA may develop CO 2 embolism leading to asystole during the CO 2 insufflation.
Giriş: Covid-19 geleneksel genel cerrahi asistan eğitim programlarında alışılagelmedik değişikliklerin yaşanmasına sebep olmuştur. Akdeniz Üniversitesi Hastanesi Genel Cerrahi Kliniği'nin 6 yıllık asistan eğitimi geçmişinin incelendiği bu çalışma, pandemi sonrası karın duvarı fıtıkları için yapılan eğitimsel işlemlerin trendlerindeki değişiklikleri ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır.
Yöntem: Batın duvarı fıtığı endikasyonu ile 18 Eylül 2014 ve 17 Eylül 2020 tarihleri arasında kliniğimizde gerçekleştirilen cerrahi prosedürlerin kayıtları incelenmiş Covid-19 etkisindeki dönem, geçmiş yılların trendleri ile karşılaştırılmıştır.
Bulgular: Toplamda gerçekleştirilen 2587 prosedürün 2330’unda (%90) cerrahi ekipte en az 1 asistan katılımı olduğu görülmektedir. Umblikal fıtıklar dışında asistan katılımı olan prosedür sayılarında Covid-19 sonrası anlamlı bir düşüş olmamış; beklenen aylık medyan umblikal prosedür sayısı 5.6 iken gerçek değerin 1.0 olduğu anlaşılmıştır (sırasıyla ÇAA 5.3-6.0 ve 0.0-3.0; p=0.041). İnguinal fıtıklarda operatörlük (sırasıyla, 16.9 ±2.1 ve 9.8 ±5.6; p=0.017) ve eğitici asistan görevi üstlenen asistanların sayısında (sırasıyla, 4.0 ±0.8 ve 1.8 ±1.8; p=0.025) belirgin düşüşler olmuştur.
Sonuç: Covid-19 pandemisi daha çok cerrahi ekipteki görev dağılımını etkilemiştir. Bu dönemde eskiye göre daha kıdemsiz asistanlar batın duvarı fıtıklarında yardımcı cerrah pozisyonunda görevlendirilmişlerdir. Fıtık cerrahisine giriş niteliği taşıyan umblikal fıtıkların Covid-19’dan en çok etkilenen eğitsel prosedürler olduğu ve telafi edilmeleri gerektiği anlaşılmıştır.
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