The relevance of this study is subject to the fact that the intricate design of the valve assembly's control system shows the insufficiently highperformance characteristics of the pump-injector units. The purpose of the study is to develop a modernization model for a pump-injector unit to increase its functional performance and develop its control valve. The principal method to be used to investigate the problem is to assess the influence of the design parameters of the control valve on the quality of the operation of the pump-injector unit. The authors developed a method to upgrade a diesel pump-injector unit using a ring control valve, as well as a mathematical model for the operation of the ring control valve of the pump-injector unit, which allows for the establishment of parameters affecting the quality of its operation. Studies have shown the effectiveness of the control ring valve on the pump-injector unit. The ring valve performs the function of both the force and locking elements. The absence in it of a particular power element (spring) can significantly reduce the volume of the intra-valve cavity. The ring functions as a freeedge mechanical multiplier built into it with a multiplication factor π. There is no spring, discharge volume decreases, and the pump-injector unit speed increases.

The research was carried out in order to develop a method for skipping fuel supplies (turning off individual piston strokes) at low frequencies of crankshaft rotations and at partial engine operating modes with direct-acting fuel supply systems to increase fuel efficiency. The developed method is easily implement using a ring-type discharge valve with electronic control. A valve made in the form of a split elastic ring and installed in a high-pressure line above the plunger pair controls the fuel supply. An electromagnet, located in the cavity of the annular valve, controls the valve, using an electronic regulator, acting at the right moment according to the signals coming from the sensors of the engine crankshaft speed, the volume of incoming air and the position of the piston. The proposed direct-acting fuel supply system with an electronically controlled ring valve reliably ensures the speed and load characteristics of the engine by affecting the number of cyclic feeds. With a decrease in the load and speed of the engine crankshaft, the number of cyclic fuel supplies decreases due to a decrease in signals sent to the electromagnet winding and, as a result, the valve does not attract the fuel and misses the fuel supply. Reducing the unevenness of the fuel supply by the dynamic component that occurs when the supply is switch off is ensured by reducing the inertia of the regulator due to the electronic control of the ring valve. The developed mathematical model of a direct-acting fuel supply system with an annular discharge valve allows us to reveal the relationship of fuel supply parameters with the design dimensions of the split ring. Such direct-acting fuel supply system with an electronically controlled discharge valve allows, due to the skipping of working strokes in low-load and idle modes, redistributing the provided amount of fuel to the working cylinders, significantly reducing fuel consumption.

The paper discusses methods and ways to diagnose the technical condition of agricultural machines and harvesters, existing practices, and approaches to get reliable data on the current health of the machinery used. The device for assessing and predicting machines’ technical condition includes software and technical means developed with virtual technologies to measure diagnostic parameters of the machinery. The main device elements are digital sensors with physical modifiers (pressure, temperature, medium composition and motion sensors, a-d converters with signal amplifiers), software to configure data gathering, and output to conduct analyses and produce recommendations. The core of the present approach is the technology of virtual prediction of breakdowns by changes in the technical condition parameters. It is based on modular devices, software with an interface that collects and processes data and provides a complete set of failure diagnostics and forecasting. The given method based on a device operating in the information and communication network increases farm machinery’s performance. Furthermore, it reduces operating costs due to the prevention of expensive breakdowns, individual forecasting, and scheduled maintenance of machines in operation. The approach under consideration was applied in the laboratory of digital engineering technologies of the Bashkir State Agrarian University Republic of Bashkortostan of the Russian Federation. The given work is aimed to boost the efficiency of the farm machinery diagnostics and maintenance system by applying a virtual breakdown prediction technology to conduct an automated evaluation, registration, and analysis of a machine’s condition. It can be achieved by developing software and technical means to register data and their structure systematization.

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