A 24-year-old woman with a history of hydatid disease of the lung and brain, which was treated surgically and medically with albendazole, was admitted because of syncope. Echocardiography demonstrated a mass in the anterolateral papillary muscle and chordae tendineae. Despite negative serologic tests for Echinococcus granulosus, cytology and histology of the surgically removed mass confirmed hydatid disease. The patient was discharged and treated further with albendazole and praziquantel.

IntroductionExtracranial vertebral artery aneurysm (EVAA) and extrapleural haematoma (EH) are rare clinical findings most often associated with blunt or penetrating trauma. However, EVAA rupture can be complicated by development of a large EH.ReportA 50 year old man underwent an emergency thrombectomy followed by graft reconstruction of an aorto-bi-femoral bypass. The post-operative course was complicated by respiratory failure and severe anaemia. Computed tomography revealed EVAA rupture and EH, so ligation of EVAA was performed with thoracotomy.DiscussionIn a patient with extensive peripheral vascular disease and rapid development of EH, the rupture of a supra-aortic vessel aneurysm might be considered.

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Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) might be life-threatening in patients undergoing open heart surgery, due to thromboembolic events, thrombocytopenia and bleeding. If cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is necessary, anticoagulation therapy will be based on usage of danaparoid or direct thrombin inhibitors. Female patient was switched from per oral anticoagulant therapy to low molecular heparin therapy preparing for reredo mitral valve replacement due to endocarditis and artificial valve thrombosis. In next 10 days, thrombocytopenia was obvious (Tr 302,000 mm3 to 11,000 mm3) , and diagnoses of HIT were done. Anticoagulant therapy was continued with danaparoid, 750 IU/12 h sc. During the surgery, reredo mitral valve replacement and aortocoronary bypass on anterior descending coronary artery, blood salvage technique with rhirudin (intravenous bolus 0.4 mg/kg, in CPB prajming solution 0.4 mg/kg and continuous infusion during CPB 0.15 mg/kg/h) during cardiopulmonary bypass was used. Active coagulation time and +++ were monitored, without any sign of micro thrombosis in circuit. Postoperatively, per oral anticoagulation therapy was initiated with prolonged postoperative treatment due to basic disease, endocarditis. Patient was discharged from hospital on 21st postoperative day without any complication.

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