Zusammenfassung Ziel der Studie Die angemessene und bedarfsgerechte Betreuung psychisch erkrankter Patienten stellt besondere Anforderungen an die psychiatrische Versorgung. §64b SGB V eröffnet die Möglichkeit, psychisch Erkrankte durch multiprofessionelle, behandlungsphasen- und sektorenübergreifende Modellvorhaben zu betreuen und neue Finanzierungsformen zu implementieren. Diese Modellprojekte werden seit 2015 in einer prospektiven und retrospektiven sekundärdatenbasierten kontrollierten Kohortenstudie (EVA64) evaluiert. Methode Im September 2016, und seitdem jährlich, erfolgte erstmalig die Datenbereitstellung aller an der Evaluation beteiligten gesetzlichen Krankenversicherungen (GKV) auf der Basis einer konsentierten Datensatzbeschreibung. Für die spätere Analyse sind die eindeutige Identifikation des Indexaufenthaltes und die Zuordnung zu Modell- oder Kontrollgruppe von Bedeutung. Die methodischen Herausforderungen der Datenbereitstellung durch die Dateneigner, das Einlesen, die formale und inhaltliche Prüfung sowie die anschließende Zusammenführung zu einem Auswertedatensatz werden ausführlich diskutiert und Fallstricke aufgezeigt. Ergebnisse Insgesamt wurden bislang Daten von 71 Krankenkassen berücksichtigt. In jeweils 20 Tabellen pro Kasse wurden Leistungsdaten zur vertragsärztlichen, ambulanten und stationären Versorgung im Krankenhaus (inkl. Psychiatrische Insti-tutsambulanzen [PIA]), Arznei- und Heilmittelversorgung sowie Arbeitsunfähigkeit übermittelt. Nicht alle Tabellen konnten von den Krankenkassen vollständig gefüllt werden. Zudem bedingen neue inhaltliche Aspekte u. a. die Anpassung der Datenselektion. Trotz mehrmaliger Datenlieferungen kann noch nicht von einem Routinevorgehen gesprochen werden. Schlussfolgerung Die kassenübergreifende Nutzung von Abrechnungsdaten zahlreicher GKVen im Rahmen einer Evaluationsstudie stellt eine große Herausforderung dar. Angesichts fehlender Richtwerte für Auffälligkeiten und Implausibilitäten war eine a-priori Festlegung von Prüfalgorithmen nur bedingt möglich; diese müssen vielmehr im Projektverlauf fortlaufend aktualisiert werden. Die resultierende individuelle Prüfung der Daten aller Krankenkassen gestaltet sich dadurch sehr aufwändig. Die ausführliche Dokumentation dieser Prüfprozesse und möglicher Fallstricke gibt Hilfestellung für zukünftige vergleichbare Studien.
Background Model projects for flexible and integrated treatment (FIT) in Germany aim at advancing the quality of care for people with mental disorders. A new FIT model project was established in 2017 at the Department of child and adolescent psychiatry (KJP) of the University Hospital Tübingen (Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, UKT). The study design of EVA_TIBAS presented here describes the evaluation of the FIT model project at the KJP of the UKT. This evaluation aims at quantifying the anticipated FIT model project changes, which are to improve patients’ cross-sectoral care at the same maximum cost as standard care. Methods EVA_TIBAS is a controlled cohort study using a mix of quantitative and qualitative methods. The FIT evaluation consists of three modules. In Module A, anonymized claims data of a statutory health insurance fund will be used to compare outcomes (duration of inpatient and day care psychiatric treatment, inpatient and day care psychiatric length of stay, outpatient psychiatric treatment in hospital, inpatient hospital readmission, emergency admission rate, direct medical costs) of patients treated in the model hospital with patients treated in structurally comparable control hospitals (estimated sample size = ca. 600 patients). In Module B, patient-reported outcomes (health related quality of life, symptom burden, return to psychosocial relationships (e.g. school, friends, hobbies), treatment satisfaction, societal costs) will be assessed quantitatively using validated questionnaires for the model and two control hospitals (estimated sample size = ca. 300 patients). A subsequent health economic evaluation will be based on cost-effectiveness analyses from both the insurance fund’s and the societal perspective. In Module C, about 30 semi-structured interviews will examine the quality of offer, effects and benefits of the service offered by the social service of the AOK Baden-Württemberg (for stabilizing the overall situation of care in the family) in the model hospital. A focus group discussion will address the quality of cooperation between employees of the university hospital and the social services. Discussion The results of this evaluation will be used to inform policy makers whether this FIT model project or aspects of it should be implemented into standard care. Trial registration This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov PRS (ID: NCT04727359, date: 27 January 2021).
Mental disorders pose a worldwide growing public health burden. One of the major challenges for healthcare systems remains to respond to the need of patients with mental disorders for continuous and flexible treatment. The EVA64 study evaluates novel programs of flexible and integrative treatment (FIT) in hospitals. This manuscript presents results from the evaluation of FIT hospitals in comparison to hospitals from regular routine care. In addition to data from adult patients, we also present data from affiliated child and adolescent psychiatric wards employing FIT programs. Using comprehensive claims data, primary outcomes are the utilization of inpatient care and sick leave for a priori defined clusters of mental disorders. We stratify between patients already under treatment (ongoing treatment) and patients with incident treatment cases (initial treatment) at the point of inclusion in the study. In the initial treatment group, we found a significant reduction in the length of inpatient stay of 4.1 days in FIT hospitals compared to routine care. While patients with mood affective disorders (−1.8 days) and patients with neurotic, stress-related, and somatoform disorders (−3.6 days) showed an even stronger effect of the reduction of inpatient lengths of stay, the effect was significantly weaker in patients with mental and behavioral disorders due to use of alcohol (+3.3 days). Regarding the duration of sick leave, we found no significant treatment effect of FIT programs compared to routine care. In the ongoing treatment group of adult patients, we found a significantly lower utilization of inpatient treatment by 1.3 days as well as a shorter duration of sick leave by 4.3 days in FIT hospitals compared to routine care. In the cohort of children and adolescent patients, we also did not observe a significant treatment effect in either the initial treatment group or the ongoing treatment group. Registration: this study was registered in the database “Health Services Research Germany” (trial number: VVfD_EVA64_15_003713).
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