Helicobacter pylori, a gram-negative bacterium, known factor for chronic active gastritis, stomach and peptic ulceration, which may progress to gastric cancer. It is also associated with other non-gastric diseases such as stroke, diabetes mellitus and alzheimer’s disease. Although conventional treatment achieved a great advancements in controlling H.pylori infection nowadays it is not effective thus it’s intended to find some other alternative sources that may be used alone or in combination with antibiotics to eradicate the infection. Recently published literature of natural sources such as plant -derived bioactive compounds and probiotics are studied for their reduced side effects and for being safe and inexpensive. However, the mechanism of action by which these herbs and probiotics exert their medicinal properties in H.pylori treatment is still not fully clear. In this review, we highlight the potential antibacterial mechanisms of some traditionally used bioactive compounds and their possible role on H.pylori colonization. On the other hand, we focused on the possible inhibitory role of probiotics in the eradication of H. pylori infection through the release of organic acids and their role in the stabilization of the gastric barrier function in order to decrease the mucosal inflammation, modulate H.pylori colonization and enhance compliance in infected patients.

Male infertility accounts for about 8 -14 % of couples worldwide with high dependence on conventional and alternative medicine for treatment. Herbal medicine may be used to treat sperm-related problems, enhance libido or improve hormone levels thus; it is crucial to report the herbal medicine being used by patients in Jordan and highlight their mechanism of action. We searched available ethnopharmacological articles in Jordan where plant use for male infertility was mentioned, collect herbal plants most commonly used and match the results with the reported one in the literature. In conclusion, eight medicinal plants were mostly recorded in Jordan folk medicine for male infertility treatment. All of them were studied in other areas with a result that they can enhance male fertility except for Raphanus sativus L. which acts as an anti-fertility plant. Patients should be encouraged to have proper information about the plants being used and further local studies should be performed to confirm the beneficial effect and safety of those herbal plants.