AbstractMost of the research on the effects of direct democracy on minority rights is empirically limited to the direct effects of direct democracy. This article takes the issue a step further and examines both direct and indirect effects by investigating the rights of religious minorities in Switzerland. The analysis provides two main insights: all direct effects are negative and can be observed when the rights of out-groups like Islamic minorities are at stake. Second, indirect effects on the parliamentary process can be observed, too: parliaments make laws more restrictive toward Islamic minorities if they fear a popular vote. However, they develop strategies to enforce their liberal interests, as shown by the fact that extensions of the rights of religious minorities are passed in total revisions.
Zusammenfassung: Der vorliegende Beitrag geht der Frage nach, ob minderheitenrechte durch direktdemokratische entscheide eher geschützt oder diskriminiert werden und welche Faktoren entscheidend für die Schutz- oder Diskriminierungswirkungen bei Volksabstimmungen sind. Die empirischen Befunde weisen darauf hin, dass direkte Demokratie nicht per se ein mehrheitsdemokratisches Schwert mit scharfer Klinge oder umgekehrt ein effektives Schutzschild für minderheiten darstellt, sondern ihre Wirkung stark vom gesellschaftlichen Integrationsgrad der betroffenen minderheit und ihrer Wahrnehmung als Fremdgruppe abhängt.Abstract: the article presents an examination of the question of whether minorities' rights are somewhat protected or discriminated against by direct democratic decisions. It also delivers an investigation into the decisive factors which have a discriminatory or protective effect in the popular vote. empirical analyses revealed that direct democracy cannot per se be considered a majority sword with a sharp blade or, conversely, a protective shield for minorities. rather, the impact of direct democratic devices strongly depends on the degree of integration of the affected minority and the perception as a foreign group.Dieser Beitrag ist im rahmen eines vom Schweizerischen nationalfonds unterstützten Forschungsprojekts "Direkte Demokratie und religiöse minderheiten" innerhalb des nationalen Forschungsprogramms 58 entstanden.
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