Swyer-James-Macleod syndrome (SJMS) is a rare, complex disease characterised by unilateral hyperlucent lung or lobe owing to loss of pulmonary vasculature and alveolar hyperdistention. Patients with SJMS may be asymptomatic at diagnosis, but its differential diagnosis with asthma is difficult. Almost all the reported cases of SJMS were managed by conservative therapy, comprising prevention and treatment of recurrent pulmonary infections.

Idiopathic short stature (ISS) refers to pathophysiologically wide and heterogeneous range of disorders, which are considered to involve defects in growth hormone (GH) insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) axis. This study was designed to evaluate GH- IGF-1 axis and investigate IGF-1 gene polymorphisms in ISS.108 patients with a mean age of 11.7±3.6 years constituted the study group, while 108 age and gender matched children with normal stature constituted the control group. Serum IGF-1 and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) levels and two polymorphisms in IGF-1 gene (rs35767, rs17032362) were investigated.While mean IGF-1 SDS value was lower in study group (p=0.002), no difference was detected between mean IGFBP-3 SDS values. The IGF-1 gene rs35767 polymorphism genotype distribution did not exhibit a statistical difference between study (7.1% wild type, 29.6% heterozygous, 63.3% homozygous) and control groups (3.8% wild type, 39.6% heterozygous, 56.6% homozygous). IGF-1 gene rs17032362 polymorphism genotype distribution was not significantly different either between study (94.8% wild type, 5.2% heterozygous, 0% homozygous) and control groups (97.2% wild type, 2.8% heterozygous, 0% homozygous). Comparing the cases with wild type, homozygous and heterozygous carriers for both polymorphisms with respect to height, weight, BMI, IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 SDS values, no significant difference was detected.IGF-1 SDS levels of patients with ISS were significantly lower compared to control group. There was no difference between IGFBP-3 SDS levels. No effect of IGF-1 gene rs35767 and rs17032362 polymorphisms on stature, IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 levels could be demonstrated.

Elastography is a method which determines the stiffness of tissues with the help of ultrasound technology and exhibits more quantitative data according to palpation that made during physical examination. Elastography has relatively entered to routine use in the breast evaluation with imaging techniques. Although palpation has a very long history, elastography has been used since 1990s. Elastography is used as an adjunct to conventional gray scale ultrasound and can identify the stiffness of the tissues non-invasively. Today, it is used as two separate technological modalities: strain elastography and shear wave elastography. The aims of these modalities are to increase the sensitivity of the separation between malignant and benign lesions, reduce the unnecessary biopsy processes and to provide a more accurate Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BIRADS) categorization of the breast lesions. In this article, we aimed to review the clinical utilization and benefits of elastography in differantial diagnosis of breast lesions, BIRADS categorization, and biopsy decision making in the light of current literature.

Objective: In this retrospective study we aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of “Ground-Glass Ethmoid Sinus Sign” (GGESS) in ethmoid cells in patients with clinical acute sinusitis. Patients and Methods: Between January 2018-December 2018, 440 CT of the paranasal region taken for any reason in our clinic were evaluated. Mucosal thickening of the paranasal sinus wall, secretion levels, secretion bands, and Ground-Glass Signs on Ethmoid cellular walls (GGESS) were evaluated by two radiologists. The diagnostic significance of GGESS in patients with clinically positive findings and those without a diagnosis of sinusitis was statistically analyzed. Results: Patients were included in the study classified as having acute sinusitis (Group 1-103 cases) and without a clinical history of acute sinusitis (Group 2-337 cases). In the diagnosis of acute sinusitis, GGESS had a positive predictive value of 79%, a negative predictive value of 95%, a sensitivity of 86%, and a specifity of 93%. The GGESS finding was found to be significantly higher in the acute sinusitis group as 86%, while it was 7% in the asymptomatic group (p<0.001). Conclusion: The presence of “GGESS” on paranasal sinus CT images is associated with acute sinusitis significantly more than any other sinus inflammation findings.