Since the global financial crisis of 2007/2008, China's foreign trade has continuedto grow faster than international trade, but its drivers are now different from those prevailing before. The participation of the Chinese economy in the global production chains through processing activities is no longer the main driver of its trade performance. The new driving force of change is ordinary trade, based mainly on local inputs and domestic demand. China, which played a major role in the globalization process as an export base for multinational companies, is now shifting to having a "normal" foreign trade system, which is more closely integrated into the domestic economy.
Over the period 2000-2016, the share of intermediate goods in world trade in nominal terms is fairly well correlated to various Global Value Chain (GVC) indicators based on international input-output matrices: a moderate expansion of international fragmentation followed by a decline from 2011 onwards. However, taking into account price effects (using an original deflator by production stages based on very detailed and harmonised bilateral trade unit-values), our results show a different evolution: the intermediate trade share in volume is growing at a subdued rate between 2000 and 2016. Focusing on the manufacture of Parts and Components (P&C), which corresponds to activities more embedded in GVCs than other intermediate goods, that is, semi-finished products, the same pattern emerges, namely a slight increase in the share of P&C in manufacturing world trade in volume. Furthermore, after controlling for the global business cycle, there is a modest but steady rise, with no sign of a downturn after the Great Recession. GVCs are particularly well-developed for electronics, the share of this sector in P&C trade being the highest and remaining stable over the period. However, subsectors exhibit contrasting development: P&C trade related to office machinery and computers receded while trade in telecommunications equipment, the flagship IT revolution industry, thrived. Counts of clients or suppliers by stages of production indicate a higher and growing geographical diversity for P&C.
Das Ziel dieses Artikels ist es aufzuzeigen, wie die akademische Textkompetenz von angehenden DaF-Lehrkräften in der Türkei im Rahmen des Grundstudiums gefördert werden kann. Anknüpfend an das Unterrichtsprinzip der Prozessorientierung und den Prozeduren des 3-Phasen-Modells zur Förderung der Textkompetenz von Schmölzer-Eibinger ( 2007) werden unterschiedliche unterrichtspraktische Beispiele präsentiert, die von den Forscherinnen dieser Arbeit, mit dem Ziel zur integrativen und prozessorientierten Förderung der akademischen Textkompetenz von angehenden DaF-Lehrkräften im Rahmen des Wahlfaches "Akademisches Deutsch" des aktuellen Curriculums der Deutschlehrerausbildung entwickelt wurden. Mit dem Einsatz der präsentierten Unterrichtsbeispiele wird ein Mechanismus der Textarbeit in Gang gesetzt, durch die jene kognitiven Prozesse angeregt und intensiviert werden, die im Umgang mit Texten besonders produktivitätssteigernd und lernwirksam sind. Um die Studierenden der Deutschlehrerausbildung gezielt auf die fachlichen Inhalte des Grundstudiums vorbereiten zu können, gilt es, ihnen das ‚Know-How' der Textproduktion durch das gezielte Einbringen von didaktisch begründeten Unterrichtseinheiten in die universitäre Unterrichtspraxis verfügbar zu machen.
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