Frequently, only five percent or less of a midden site is excavated for environmental-analysis purposes before it is turned over to the bulldozers for destruction. Such exceptionally small sample sizes have become accepted in cultural-resource-management work as adequate for gaining a good understanding of the chronology and cultural activities at a site. This assumption was tested by the author with a 63 percent excavation sampling fraction from a southern California midden. The data indicate that a far-from-complete understanding of a site may result from small sampling fractions and that more carefully designed sampling strategies and statistical manipulation of the data may not overcome this problem.

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A double blind study was conducted to compare the efficacy of two different CAI formats Beginning cultural anthropology students were randomly assigned a simulation or a tutorial on kinship patterns The results indicate significant advantages for the tutorial format in terms of multiple-choice exam scores and student ratings of educational value, interest, and ease of use Some advantages of tutorials for lower level undergraduate courses are discussed Keywords tutorials, evaluation, simulation, anthropology, kinship, CAI.

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