The effect of anoxia on roots of soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr., variety 'Williams') was studied at various levels and the results compared to those from previously studied species. While alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity is induced in a manner similar to other plant species, other aspects of the anaerobic response are unique to soybean. assure survival when anoxia prevents mitochondrial activity. Studies at the molecular level have helped define the mechanism of the anaerobic induction of these genes. Lin and Key (15) reported that polysomes exhibit rapid dissociation during anaerobic treatment of soybean. This pioneering study on the effect of anoxia on translation in plants was followed by studies in maize which led to the conclusion that anoxia induces the transcription and accumulation of a new set of mRNAs. Although pre-stress mRNAs are generally still present, only genes that show an increase in transcript accumulation during anoxia are translated, yielding the ANPs. Among the -20 ANPs of maize is ADH (23) as well as other enzymes related to glycolysis such as sucrose synthase (25), phosphoglucoisomerase, aldolase, and pyruvate decarboxylase (cf 6).The present study was undertaken to determine if translation is selectively altered in anaerobically treated soybean seedlings, rather than the observed destruction of polysomes (15) being solely the result of a nonselective reduction in protein synthesis. Additionally, molecular clones related to anaerobically induced mRNAs of maize were used as probes to determine if there is a pattern of mRNA accumulation in soybean similar to that seen in anaerobically treated maize (6,23,25). Our results show that anoxic treatment of soybean seedlings induces the accumulation of ADH mRNA, selective synthesis of ADH protein, and accumulation of enzyme activity. In contrast to maize, the pattern of anaerobic protein synthesis is simpler in soybean and may be at least partially explained by the lack of mRNA accumulation for other genes related to glycolysis. We also compare the flood tolerance of maize and soybean seedlings, and find soybean to be more sensitive to flooding, which may be a result of its simpler molecular response to anaerobic stress. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seed GerminationSeeds of soybean Glycine max (L.) Merr

The structure of the human hepatic triglyceride lipase gene was determined from multiple cosmid clones. All the exons, exon-intron junctions, and 845 bp of the 5' and 254 bp of the 3' flanking DNA were sequenced. Comparison of the exon sequences to three previously published cDNA sequences revealed differences in the sequence of the codons for residues 133, 193, 202, and 234 that may represent sequence polymorphisms. By primer extension, hepatic lipase mRNA initiates at an adenine 77 bases upstream of the translation initiation site. The hepatic lipase gene spans over 60 kb containing 9 exons and 8 introns, the latter being all located within the region encoding the mature protein. The exons are all of average size (118-234 bp). Exon 1 encodes the signal peptide, exon 4, a region that binds to the lipoprotein substrate, and exon 5, an evolutionarily highly conserved region of potential catalytic function, and exons 6 and 9 encode sequences rich in basic amino acids thought to be important in anchoring the enzyme to the endothelial surface by interacting with acidic domains of the surface glycosaminoglycans. The human lipoprotein lipase gene has been recently reported to have an identical exon-intron organization containing the analogous structural domains [Deeb & Peng (1989) Biochemistry 28, 4131-4135]. Our observations strongly support the common evolutionary origin of these two lipolytic enzymes.

It has been at least a decade since the first reports that cell-free diffusible factors from the thymus could partially reverse the deficiencies caused by neonatal thymectomy in a variety of species including mice, rats, hamsters, rabbits, and Humoral factors have also been found to be involved in the many pathways that lead from the pluripotent, hemopoietic stem cell ( H E ) to mature elements of the blood. A classic example of the latter is the discovery that the hormone, erythropoietin, interacts with erythroid precursors and leads to the differentiation of mature red blood cells in vitro.6.7 Differentiation of the HSC along the thymusderived (T-cell) lymphoid pathway has been a subject of intensive investigation. The underlying principle in these investigations is the concept that there are at least three distinct steps in the life of a T-cell:1. A precursor stage that is devoid of phenotypic characteristics of a mature T-cell and lacking immunological function ascribed to mature T-cells.2. A differentiated stage that possesses phenotypic (surface markers) characteristic of a mature T-cell.3. Finally, an immunologically mature stage consisting of cells that not only bear phenotypes characteristic of T-cells, but also perform immunological functions.Obviously, this division of stages is arbitrary, and it is likely that certain immunological functions precede the acquisition of certain cell-surface markers. However, it serves as the outline upon which most research has been based.Thus, the phenotypic conversion and acquisition of cell-surface markers and 81 0077-8923/79/0332-008 1 $01.75/0 @ 1979, NYAS

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This study reports the phenotype frequencies (PF) and gene frequencies (GF) of 72 different HLA‐A, ‐B, ‐C, and ‐DR antigens in Indian Hindus, thus substantially extending the data previously reported for Asian Indians (Singal 1972, Bale et al. 1980, Hammond & Asmal 1980). The two‐locus haplotypes demonstrating significant linkage disequilibrium (Δ) among the Hindus have also been identified.