The aims of this research were to know the spread of population and pest infestation of Paraeucosmetus sp. in paddy rice in South Minahasa and Minahasa Districts, and the usage of lanta fruit extracts to control Paraeucosmetus sp. The experiment was conducted in farmer rice fields in the two districts of Minahasa and South Minahasa of North Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. Observations of population and Paraeucosmetus sp. attacks were conducted by surveying in each district that has rice crops aged of 2 to 2.5 months. For pest populations, samplings were carried out 5 times by double sweeping, and repeated 4 times. Pest attacts were calculated on area of 1 square meter, and it repeated 4 times. The experiments to control Paraeucosmetus spwere done by diluted the pure lanta extracts with aguades, consisting of 5 treatments with diffrent variations of concentration, and were repeated 3 times. Each treatment consist of 20 imago Paraeucosmetus sp. put inside four clumps of rice paddy and covered with mosquito net. Variation of concentration were 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 0% (contrrol). The results showed that Paraeucosmetus sp.spread across along the rice paddy in Minahasa District and South Minahasa District. Population of Paraeucosmetus sp. in South Minahasa District was higher than Minahasa District. The average population was 7.75 pests / 5 sweeps and the attack was 6.83 clump per 1 m 2 in South Minahasa District, while in Minahasa District the average population was 2.75 pest / 5 sweeping, and the attack was 4.11 clumps per 1 m 2 of rice crops. Increased mortality of Paraeucosmetus sp. was directly proportional to the increase of the concentration of lanta fruit extracts. Concentrations of lanta fruit extracts that effectively killed Paraeucosmetus sp. were concentrations of 15% (15 cc of pure extract and 85 cc distilled water) and 20% (20 cc of pure extract and 80 cc distilled water), because each had a mortality more than 50%, namely 60.0% and 73.3%, respectively.

The research was arranged in a randomized block design (RBD), with 10 treatments and 3 replications. To get the active insects pests, net sweepings were done for the flying insects, while other pests were observed directly on the plants. Collecting data of plant damages were made by systematic diagonal lines, except for viruses, census was conducted on each experimental plot. The results of this experiment documented 12 species of insect pests attacking soybean plants. Soybean pest populations were relatively low, except for Aphis glycine that was quite high. In all treatments, plant damage caused by sucking pest Piezodorus sp and Riptortus linearis were relatively low of 1.53 % to 1.94 %; it indicated an insignificant effect to decline the production. Crop damages by virus showed a significant effect. The lowest virus attacks found on compost of 5 tons per ha with 43 plants infected per treatment, the highest virus attack showed on combination of 5 tons compost per ha + inorganic fertilizer + mulch, in which there were 274 infected plants per treatment. Apparently virus attacks gave impact on soybean production. The highest production were documented on treatment of 5 tons compost per ha with production of 0.55 tons per ha, while the lowest production was found on combination of 5 tons compost per ha + inorganic fertilizer + mulch, in which the production was 0.22 tons per ha. ABSTRAKPenelitian ini disusun dalam rancangan acak kelompok (RAK), dengan 10 perlakuan dan diulang 3 kali. Untuk mendapatkan jenis serangga hama aktif terbang dilakukan penyapuan dengan jaring serangga, sedangkan hama lain diamati secara langsung pada tanaman. Pengambilan data kerusakan oleh hama dilakukan menurut garis diagonal secara sistemmatik, kecuali serangan virus dilakukan secara sensus pada setiap petak percobaan. Hasil percobaan ini telah ditemukan 12 jenis serangga hama yang menyerang tanaman kedelai. Populasi hama kedelai masih tergolong rendah, kecuali hama Aphis glycine cukup tinggi. Kerusakan tanaman oleh hama pengisap Piezodorus sp dan Riptortus linearis masih tergolong rendah pada semua perlakuan 1,53 -1,94 %, sehingga belum memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap penurunan produksi. Pengaruh kerusakan tanaman oleh virus memberikan pengaruh yang nyata. Serangan virus yang terendah ditemukan pada pupuk kompos 5 ton per ha 43 tanaman per perlakuan, serangan virus tertinggi pada pupuk kompos 5 ton/ha+ pupuk anorganik + Mulsa 274 tanaman terserang per perlakuan. Serangan virus berdampak terhadap produksi kedelai, produksi yang tertinggi terdapat pupuk kompos 5 ton per ha 0,55 ton/ha, sedangkan produksi terendah ditemukan pada pupuk kompos 5 ton/ha + pupuk anorganik + mulsa 0,22 ton per ha.

The objectives of this study are: (1) to inventory Trichoderma spp. in North Minahasa District, South Minahasa District, and Tomohon City-Minahasa District, (2) inventory of Trichoderma spp. in the rhizosphere of cultivated and fallow gardens, and (3) calculate the population density of Trichoderma spp. all soil samples. The scope of this study is the biological control of plant pathogens, induce plant resistance, and biological fertilizer production. Trichoderma isolation spp. has been carried out by dilution method and cultured on PDA + antibiotics. Population density of Trichoderma spp. calculated using the plate calculation method. Identification of this species function based on the color and patterns of sporulation in the colony; hyphae and clamydospores; conidiophores; and phialides and phialospores. Trichoderma species found in North Minahasa District were T. harzianum, T. koningii, and T. viride; in South Minahasa District, T. koningii and T. viride; and in Tomohon City-Minahasa District, T. koningii and T. viride. In fallow gardens were T. harzianum, T. koningii, and T. viride, and in cultivated gardens were T. koningii and T. viride. Population densities of Trichoderma sp. in South Minahasa District, North Minahasa District, and Tomohon City-Minahasa District, respectively 1,363.64, 466.67, and 26.67 CFU / g soil.