Nutrient intake was studied by the total food duplicate method in 141 adult working women (at the ages of 21 to 56 years) in four regions (Seoul, Pusan, Chunan and Haman) in Korea. Clinical, hematological and anthropometrical examinations were conducted in parallel. The nutrient intakes were estimated in reference to the weight of each food item and the national standard food composition tables for Korean population, and evaluated in comparison with the nationally recommended dietary allowances (RDA). The intakes were essentially sufficient when evaluated on a group basis. Plant-based foods were major sources of both protein (67%) and lipid (72%). Dinner was the most substantial sources of all nutrients. Further evaluation on an individual basis taking 80-120% RDA as acceptable showed that young people (at the ages of 20-29 years) and those in Seoul had highest prevalence of insufficient intake of nutrients, especially energy, protein and iron. Consumption of rice, the traditional staple food, was the lowest in Seoul and in the youngest groups as compared with others. The prevalence of overweight cases was also the lowest in the Seoul participants. The two observations when combined apparently suggest the difficulties in public nutrition.

[Purpose] This study was designed to study the correlation between biochemical tests and fatty liver. [Subjects and Methods] The study subjects were 242 people who received an abdominal ultrasound examination at a general hospital in Seoul, Korea, from March 2012 to March 2013. After the abdominal ultrasound examination, the subjects were categorized according to the presence or absence of fatty liver (n = 118 and 124, respectively). [Results] Comparison of biochemical markers revealed that glucose, total protein, aspartate transminase, alanine transaminase and triglyceride were higher in fatty liver patients. Risk analysis of general characteristics determined that hypertensive and diabetic patients had a 2.475- and 2.026-times greater risk of onset of fatty liver, respectively. The comparison of fatty liver with individual characteristics and biochemical markers revealed a 1.804-times greater chance of fatty liver when total protein was high, 0.964-times greater chance when high density lipoprotein was elevated and 1.204-times greater chance when triglyceride was elevated. When hypertension became severe, the chance of experiencing onset of fatty liver was 2.848 times higher. [Conclusion] Fatty liver is a representative disease of obese people in general and more active attention is necessary for its prevention and treatment. A direct cause of fatty liver was not found. Large-scale prospective studies will be required.

Objectives:The aim of this study was to investigate the factors related to dental caries and periodontal disease in Korean adults. Methods: The subjects were 5,149 adults over 19 years old who participated in the 5th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2012. Data were analyzed by chi-square test and logistic regression analysis using SPSS 18.0 statistical package program. The questionnaire consisted of 17 questions of independent variables and 2 kinds of dependent variables including dental caries and periodontal diseases by direct interview. The independent variables included 5 questions of general characteristics, 3 questions of health behavior, 5 questions of oral health behavior, and 4 questions of chronic diseases diagnosed by the doctors. Results: The prevalence rate of dental caries was higher in those who did not regularly work out and did not receive regular checkups including dental floss and dental brush use. The prevalence rate of periodontal diseases was higher in male adults, smokers, and those who were obese and had diabetes mellitus, poor oral health care habit without using dental floss and inter-dental brush. Conclusions: In order to prevent the dental caries in the adults, it is very important to do regular exercise and regular dental checkup. The best ways of dental caries prevention include tooth brushing after meal with use of dental floss and inter-dental brush. This study suggests that dental health promotion can be enhanced by smoking cessation, ideal body weight maintenance, timely tooth brushing after meal, and use of dental floss and inter-dental brush.

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