This study is the first to compare the rewards of publishing in predatory journals with the rewards of publishing in traditional journals. It finds that the majority of faculty with research responsibilities at a small Canadian business school have publications in predatory journals. In terms of financial compensation, these publications produce greater rewards than many non-predatory journal publications. Publications in predatory journals are also positively correlated with receiving internal research awards. By improving the understanding of the incentives to publish in predatory journals, this research aims to contribute to a better-informed debate on policies dealing with predatory journals.

Biofilms production is a central feature of nosocomial infection of catheters and other medical devices used in resuscitation and critical care. However, the very effective biofilm forming pathogen Staphylococcus epidermidis often produces a modest host inflammatory response and few of the signs and symptoms associated with more virulent pathogens. To examine the impact of bacterial biofilm formation on provocation of an innate immune response, we studied the elaboration of the major complement anaphylatoxin C5a by human serum upon contact with S. epidermidis biofilms. Wildtype S. epidermidis and mutants of sarA (a regulatory protein that promotes synthesis of the biofilm-forming polysaccharide intercellular adhesin, PIA) and icaB (responsible for post-export processing of PIA) were studied. C5a release, as a function of exposed biofilm surface area, was on the order of 1 fmol cm−2 sec−1 and was dependent on the presence of PIA. Experimental results were used to inform a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic model of C5a release by an infected central venous catheter, one of S. epidermidis' primary means of causing human disease. These simulations revealed that the magnitude of C5a release on a superior vena cava catheter completely covered with S. epidermidis would be lower than necessary to alert circulating leukocytes. Combined, the experimental and computational results are highly consistent with clinical observations in which the clinical signs of central line associated bloodstream infection are often muted in association with this important pathogen.

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We model deterrence with costly punishment when criminals have different abilities. Abilities are unobserved by both criminals and the courts. Based on past successes, criminals update their priors on being high-ability criminals. Courts cannot observe a criminal's total past offenses. They do know that criminals with more convictions were undeterred by previous penalties. Thus, they must have had more successes resulting in higher posterior probabilities of being high-ability criminals. Those with fewer convictions include more with lower posterior probabilities of being high-ability. Since they know that they are relatively more likely to be caught, they are deterred with lower penalties.

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