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Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), which causes infections in the upper and lower respiratory tract, became a pandemic shortly after it was first diagnosed in Wuhan city, China. Many people are affected with high mortality rates and severe respiratory distress syndrome. During this pandemic, all physicians paid attention to the findings of COVID-19. Suggestive findings in 18 fluorine-fluorodeoxyglucose ( 18 F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) were characterized as increased 18 F-FDG uptake in bilateral peripheral consolidative areas and ground glass opacities. We aimed to show diffuse FDG uptake in PET images with indefinable lesions in CT as a suspicious finding for early COVID-19.

Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which started in Wuhan, China, in late December 2019, was declared a pandemic, infecting more than twelve million people worldwide. Few studies have reported the findings of lung biopsies in COVID-19. Here, granulomatous inflammation was reported for the first time in COVID-19 lung biopsy. Case presentation A 54-year-old woman presented to a primary care facility with fever, dry cough, and fatigue. Antibiotherapy was administered for 10 days with the diagnosis of upper respiratory tract infection. However, her condition did not improve and she was admitted to the hospital. In physical examination, crepitant rales were heard in both lungs. Anemia and thrombocytopenia were detected in laboratory tests and she was referred to the hematology clinic. Bone marrow aspiration and flow cytometry showed she had acute myeloid leukemia. Computed tomography-integrated positron emission tomography with a history of previous breast cancer revealed a heterogeneous mass-like lesion in the left lung. The primary malignancy could not be ruled out and tru-cut biopsy was performed. Tests for tuberculosis were negative. Throat swab sample was taken and a real-time polymerase chain reaction confirmed that she had COVID-19. Radiological findings were evaluated as the progression of COVID-19 pneumonia on computed tomography 6 days after biopsy. Alveolar damage, edema, vascular congestion, mild inflammatory infiltration, type-2 pneumocyte hyperplasia, interstitial fibrosis, early fibrotic changes, fibrinous, organized pneumonia pattern, noncaseating granulomatous inflammation, and desquamation in alveolar epithelial cells were noted in lung biopsy. Conclusions There were only a few case reports that described lung biopsy findings in COVID-19 at the time of manuscript preparation. This was the first case of noncaseating granulomatous inflammation described in a COVID-19 case.

Aim: In clinical examinations, it is sometimes unknown whether the chest X-ray belongs to the patient. Here, we aimed to develop estimation equations that can predict the stature of male and female patients using scapular and clavicular length measurements on chest X-rays to determine to who the chest X-ray belongs. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 adult patients (104 females and 96 males; mean age 50.6 years) who underwent a routine posteroanterior chest x-ray. The longitudinal scapular length and longitudinal clavicular length were measured on the chest x-ray. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to develop the estimation equations. External validation of the estimated equations was tested on 100 adult patients (50 females and 50 males; mean age 56.7 years) and agreement between measured and estimated stature was investigated by the Bland and Altman method. Results: Stature was equal to 11.1-fold of longitudinal scapular length and 10.5-fold of longitudinal clavicular length in males while it was equal to 11.8-fold of longitudinal scapular length and 10.7-fold of longitudinal clavicular length in females. Stature was found to be significantly correlated with age, weight, longitudinal scapular length, and longitudinal clavicular length in men, and with age and longitudinal clavicular length in women. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed an estimation equation for stature in males was: 131.3 - 0.174 (Age) + 0.161 (Weight) + 0.083 (longitudinal scapular length) + 0.134 (longitudinal clavicular length), and in females was 131.2 - 0.137 (Age) + 0.225 (longitudinal clavicular length). There was good agreement between measured and estimated stature in male and female patients. Conclusion: The stature of the patient can be estimated using the derived equations based on the longitudinal scapular length and longitudinal clavicular length measurements on chest x-ray. If it is not possible to determine to who the chest X-ray belongs in clinical practice, the patient's stature can be estimated with the help of the equations and possible errors can be prevented. Keywords: chest x-ray, clavicle, scapula, estimation techniques, stature