Eucalyptus globulus is the most economically important and the most commonly cultivated exotic tree species in the Chelia District. However, we have limited knowledge on quantitative estimation of Eucalyptus contribution to the communities' livelihoods, and perception of factors currently drives its expansion. The main objectives of the present research were to measure the quantitative economic contribution of Eucalyptus to the communities' livelihoods and to investigate factors that currently contribute to its expansion. We used a mixed-method approach, combining both quantitative and qualitative techniques. Data were collected using semi-structured survey questionnaires. A multiple linear regression model was used. The weighted mean score was used to analyze the perceptions of factors that currently contribute to Eucalyptus expansion. We surveyed the contribution of E.globulus to local communities; perception of factors that contributes to its expansion; the reason why respondents preferred Eucalyptus to other tree species, and respondents' points of view on the current and future potential Eucalyptus expansion. Our results show that Eucalyptus income makes up 87% of the total households' income, while agricultural income makes up 13%. The results also reveal that income source is the most factor that currently contributes to Eucalyptus expansion. Our analysis explained that the reason why respondents preferred Eucalyptus to other tree species are high-income return, suitable for building and firewood, short-rotation, and requires less management. We have confirmed that most of the livelihood's income was generated from Eucalyptus income, and local communities are highly dependent on Eucalyptus activity. The findings of our research have important implications for managers and policymakers.

Women are the ones that suffer the most from poverty around the world. The determinants of poverty vulnerability among female-headed households in Shashamane district are investigated in this study. In West Arsi Zone, Shashemene district, the study's goals were to assess poverty indicators, poverty levels, and how female-headed households cope with poverty. Mixed methods were employed in this study, with data coming from both primary and secondary sources. A total of 220 people were polled using the simple random sampling approach. A Cost of Basic Needs (CBN) technique was used to establish the total poverty line, and the major data for the study was acquired using structured questioners. The logit regression model and odd ratio analysis were used to analyze the poverty index descriptive statistics. 89 (40.45 percent) of the 220 surveyed household heads were determined to be poor. The results of the logistic regression demonstrate that the household's head's education, age, house ownership, income, and household size are all important factors of the household's susceptibility. Interventions should aim to improve or initiate alternative income generating activities to increase the real income of households through well-paying and better job creation through the establishment of micro and small scale enterprises, and improving the use of family planning with increased economic and social infrastructure to reduce the vulnerability of female headed households. As a result, stakeholder interventions to address the determinant factors are important measures to take, as is strengthening economically and environmentally sustainable coping strategies.