Introducción. El 30% de los pacientes con epilepsia no responde al tratamiento farmacológico. La presencia de polimorfismos genéticos de nucleótido único (SNP) en el individuo puede influir en la variabilidad de respuesta al tratamiento farmacológico. La hipótesis de transportadores plantea que la presencia de SNP en los genes que codifican las proteínas ABC repercutiría en la biodisponibilidad de los fármacos anticrisis en el foco epileptógeno, lo que ocasionaría refractariedad. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar la asociación de 13 polimorfismos en los genes ABCB1, ABCC2, ABCC5 y ABCG2 con la epilepsia farmacorresistente (EFR) en población española. Sujetos y métodos. Se realizó un estudio de casos y controles que incluyó a 327 pacientes con epilepsia: 227 farmacorresistentes y 100 farmacocontrolados según los criterios de la Liga Internacional contra la Epilepsia. En el ADN de leucocitos de sangre periférica extraído se estudiaron los polimorfismos en los genes transportadores ABC . Se utilizó la plataforma tecnológica iPlex® Gold y Mass ARRAY. Se compararon las frecuencias alélicas y genotípicas del grupo de casos y del de controles, el valor de p , la odds ratio y los intervalos de confianza al 95%. Resultados. La frecuencia alélica y genotípica del presente estudio fue similar a la comunicada en las bases de datos poblacionales. En los SNP estudiados no se encontraron diferencias significativas ( p > 0,05) en todos los modelos de herencia analizados. Conclusiones. Nuestros resultados sugieren que no existe asociación entre los polimorfismos analizados en los genes ABC con la EFR en población española. Sin embargo, otros estudios adicionales confirmarán o descartarán estos resultados.
Epilepsy is a disabling neurological disease that affects 2% of the population. Drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) affects 25-30% of epilepsy patients. Understanding its underlying mechanisms is key to adequately manage this condition. To analyze the main epigenetic marks of DRE an epigenome-wide association study was carried out including samples from different regions of DRE patients brain and peripheral blood. An Illumina Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip array including cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, and peripheral blood from DRE subjected to neurosurgical resection of the epileptogenic zone was used. Overall, 32, 59, 3210, and 6 differentially methylated probes (DMPs) associated with DRE were found in the hippocampus, amygdala, cortex, and peripheral blood, respectively. These DMPs harbored 19, 28, 1574, and 7 genes, respectively, which play different roles in processes such as neurotrophic or calcium signaling. Three of the top DMPs observed in cortex were validated with methylation specific qPCR. Moreover, 163 DMPs associated with neurosurgery response at 6 months were found in the hippocampus. Genes located on these DMPs were involved in diverse processes such as synaptic signaling and central nervous system development. Besides 3 DMPs in blood samples were associated with response to neurosurgery at 12 months. In conclusion, the present study reports genome-wide DNA methylation changes across different regions of the DRE brain. These changes could be useful for further studies to disentangle the bases of DRE to search for therapeutic alternatives for this disease. Furthermore, they could also help identify patients likely to respond to neurosurgery.
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