Rubus spp. (wild raspberries) is one of genera belongs to Rosaceae, also distributed in the mountain forest of Indonesia. It has a high potency to be cultivated plant. Although, some of the potential of Rubus has already known, information of about fruit nutrients of species that distribute in the mountain forest of Indonesia are not known yet. This study was aimed to determine the fruit nutrients of five species of wild raspberries that was collected in Cibodas Botanical Garden. The results of our experiments demonstrate that the fruits nutrients contents varied among five species of wild raspberries from Indonesian mountain's forests. Rubus fraxinifolius has the highest content of sugar (5.05 g sugar per 100 g fruits) compared to Rubus rosifolius, Rubus chrysophyllus, Rubus lineatus and raspberry. During the ripening and ripe period, there were a different value of vitamin C and iron contents.The highest vitamin C of R. fraxinifolius (83.65 mg/100 gram) on the ripening fruit stage II. On the other hand, the highest vitamin C of R. rosifolius (54.30 mg/100 gram) found on the stage of ripe fruit.

Cibodas Botanic Garden area is adjacent with natural forest of Mt. Gede Pangrango National Park which consequences both vegetation in the border area are influence each other. The aims of this research were to study plant vegetation of forest area adjacent to Cibodas Botanical Garden and compare it with forest interior using transect method. The results showed that species richness in forest interior were higher than adjacent forest area. Furthermore, number of tree species, basal area and Shannon-Wienner diversity index in forest boundaries were higher rather than forest interior. Habitats along the forest edge were inhabited by trees with large dbh and low tree density. While trees inhibited forest interior areas with high density but small in size. The trees in forest interior were dominated by Schima wallichii, Lithocarpus pallidus and Turpinia sphaerocarpa. While trees in the forest boundary vegetation were dominated by Engelhardtia spicata, Litsea firma and Lithocarpus indutus. The tree age structure of forest interior and forest edge showed an inverted J-pattern and flat pattern respectively. Meanwhile, tree communities on edge forest vegetation showed similar age structure, especially in middle diameter class.

Diversity of parasitic Hymenoptera in different ecosystem types in Central Bangka, Bangka-Belitung Islands. Hymenoptera richness is dominated by parasitic species. More than 80% of Hymenoptera play a role as parasitoid on arthropods that are mostly insects. Diversity of parasitic Hymenoptera is widely studied in various types of terrestrial ecosystems including agro-ecosystem and non-agro-ecosystem. This study aimed to invent and compare the diversity of parasitic Hymenoptera in three different ecosystems in Central Bangka Regency, Bangka Island, i.e., forest, oil palm plantation, and ex-tin mining. The study was conducted in Juli 2014 until October 2015. Parasitic Hymenoptera was collected with insect sweep net and yellow pan trap on one transect line with 1000 m length. Parasitic Hymenoptera were found on forest as much as 732 morphospecies, 326 morphospecies on oil palm plantations, and 293 morphospecies on ex-tin mining. Diversity and abundance of parasitic Hymenoptera on forest was higher than oil palm plantation and ex-tin mining area. Braconidae family was found dominant on forest, however on oil palm plantation and ex-tin mining area the dominant family was Scelionidae. ABSTRAK Keanekaragaman Hymenoptera parasitika pada tipe ekosistem berbeda di Bangka Tengah, Kepulauan Bangka Belitung. Kekayaan Hymenoptera didominasi oleh spesies parasitoid. Lebih dari 80% Hymenoptera berperan sebagai parasitoid pada artropoda yang umumnya adalah serangga. Keanekaragaman Hymenoptera parasitika dipelajari secara luas di berbagai tipe ekosistem terestrial yakni agroekosistem dan non-agroekosistem. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengiventarisasi dan membandingkan keanekaragaman Hymenoptera parasitika pada tiga tipe ekosistem berbeda, yaitu hutan, perkebunan kelapa sawit, dan area pasca tambang timah. Lokasi penelitian terletak di Kabupaten Bangka Tengah, Pulau Bangka. Penelitian dilakukan pada Juli 2014 hingga Oktober 2015. Hymenoptera parasitika dikoleksi dengan jaring ayun serangga dan perangkap nampan kuning pada satu garis transek yang telah ditentukan sepanjang 1000 m. Hymenoptera parasitika yang ditemukan di hutan sebanyak 732 morfospesies, 326 morfospesies pada perkebunan kelapa sawit, dan 293 morfospesies pada area pasca tambang timah. Keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan Hymenoptera Parasitika pada hutan lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan perkebunan kelapa sawit dan area pasca tambang timah. Famili Braconidae ditemukan lebih dominan pada hutan, sedangkan pada perkebunan kelapa sawit dan area pasca tambang timah famili yang dominan adalah Scelionidae.

No abstract

<p>Currently, Cibodas Botanical Garden (CBG) has a domestication programme of wild raspberries (<em>Rubus</em> sp.) from Indonesia mountain forest. One of the activities in the domestication programme is fruit breeding. In order to improve the quality of wild raspberry, two mutagens i.e. chemical (oryzalin) and physical (gamma rays) mutagens were used in the breeding programme. Moreover, seed of wild raspberries from the collection of CBG were used in the programme of mutation breeding.  The results showed that each species of wild raspberries has different response on the mutagen. Percentage of seed germination were affected by mutagen of oryzalin and gamma rays. <em>Rubus fraxinifolius </em>and<em> Rubus rosifolius</em> seeds were still able to germinate after treated by 100 µM of oryzalin. In the other hand, with increase in radiation above 300 Gy a reduction in percentage of germination was observed in M1 generation of <em>Rubus lineatus </em>and <em>Rubus chrysophyllus</em>.</p><p><strong>How to Cite</strong></p><p>Surya, M. I., Ismaini, L., Destri, D. &amp; Normasiwi, S. (2016). An Effort of Mutation Breeding by Oryzalin and Gamma Rays on Wild Raspberry (Rubus spp.) in Cibodas Botanical Garden. <em>Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology &amp; Biology Education</em>, 8(3), 331-335. </p>