Indonesia ranks 23rd as the most COVID-19 confirmed cases in the world. DKI Jakarta and East Java provinces have the highest cases in Indonesia. However, data on the transmission of COVID-19 in both provinces were not further analyzed regarding vulnerability between genders. This research attempted to compare the differences in the gender distribution of COVID-19 cases by analyzing data from COVID-19 DKI Jakarta and East Java Task Force Information Center and various biological, medical, and socio-cultural studies to understand risk of women being exposed to COVID-19. The results of this research revealed that both provinces had a higher number of confirmed patients under surveillance (PDP), people under surveillance (ODP), and death cases in men than that of women. In DKI Jakarta, the number of recovered cases in men was higher than that of women, but in East Java it was not significantly different. Based on literature reviews, women were more resilience in manifestations of COVID-19 severity than that of men due to differences in ACE2 gene distribution and expression, hormones regulations, immune responses, comorbidities, and ages. However, data from socio-cultural literature reviews in both provinces showed women were vulnerable to be exposed to COVID-19 since many women performed as health workers, office workers, market traders, public transportation users, and did religious activities. Besides, women were vulnerable due to mental health condition, such as depression, anxiety, and special medical condition (e.g. being exposed to or infected with COVID-19 during pregnancy).

Informed consent is the consent given to a patient for a medical action after obtaining all important information about the nature and consequences of the action. Procedures regarding the method and content of informed consent still need to be analyzed to provide protection for doctors, patients and related institutions. The purpose of this study is to discuss more deeply about the method and content of informed consent in homeopathic services by practitioners of the Ahmadiyya congregation. This study used a qualitative descriptive method with a total of 20 participants consisting of homeopaths, patients, and staff of the National Homeopathy Department which was conducted through in- depth interviews using purposive sampling and then data is processed using coding and presented descriptively. Homeopaths more often use informed consent oral. The elements of informed consent: • A good way of delivering information is conditioned according to the background and psychological condition of the patient. • Correct in the delivery of homeopathy (how to reveal the patient's diagnosis, alternative goals of action, risks, prognosis where every homeopath never promises a cure to the patient and completely free financing except for homeopaths that have independent clinics. • Complete information the factors that influence the use of homeopathy are dissatisfaction in 34% of patients; need for personal control in 16% of patients; and philosophical congruence in 50% of patients. The application of informed consent is not just giving a signature, but the essence of informed consent is explanation of the information followed by informed consent either in oral or written form so that the patient can make decisions and can be accounted for. More comprehensive education, policies and in-depth socialization of informed consent are urgently needed for practitioners.