No abstract

To evaluate intraabdominal course of umbilical vein, its relation with portal vein and ductus venosus and its anomalies. All pregnant women were examined during midtrimester anomaly scan between January 2015 and December 2017. With evaluation of umbilical vein in its intraabdominal course, size of umbilical vein, its relation to the stomach and the gallbladder and origin of ductus venosus were studied in middle and upper abdominal axial and sagittal planes by two dimensional and colour doppler sonography. Anastomosis of umbilical vein with portal vein and its further course was examined and detailed anatomical survey was made to look for associated anomalies. Fetal and neonatal outcome was assessed after delivery. Twelve cases of umbilical vein abnormalities were evaluated. Of them, there were three cases of umbilical vein varix, four cases of persistent right umbilical vein and five cases of abnormal umbilical-portal-systemic venous shunt were noted. Examination of the intraabdominal course of umbilical vein and ductus venosus should be a part of second trimester anomaly scan. Proper knowledge of umbilical portal venous system is mandatory.Keywords Ductus venosus (DV) Á Persistent right umbilical vein (PRUV) Á Umbilical vein (UV) Á Umbilicalportal-systemic venous shunt (UPSVS) Á Umbilical vein varix (UVV)

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a group of disorders where abdominal contents protrude into the chest. The prognosis depends on the contralateral lung volume. The authors evaluated a case of left sided diaphragmatic hernia that was diagnosed at 32 week, and confirmed by MRI. Sonography based Lung to Head circumference ratio (LHR) was calculated. The case was managed at a tertiary care centre where the newborn was immediately shifted to the pediatrician and pediatric surgeon and was operated. Antenatal sonography is the primary modality to diagnose CDH. LHR based on sonography is the key to predict pulmonary hypoplasia and, an MRI is additive. The management needs a multidisciplinary approach.

To review embryonic skull shape and brain anatomy by sonography during late embryonic and early fetal periods. We examined embryos/fetuses of 8–11 weeks between March 2015 and February 2018, the period corresponds to CRL 16–44 mm and also corresponds to late embryonic and early fetal periods by transvaginal and transabdominal sonography. We assessed shape of the skull and intracranial brain vesicles. Additionally, embryonic brain anatomy was also assessed by three-dimensional ultrasound. We found 12 abnormal cases, 5 cases between CRL 16–30 mm and 7 cases between CRL 31–44 mm. We followed all cases between 11 and 13 weeks and confirmed acrania with loss of variable amount of brain tissues. Acrania–Exencephaly–Anencephaly sequence can be diagnosed before 11 weeks. Sonographer should be familiar and proper knowledge of brain embryology and anatomy is key to diagnose.