In this era of fast-depleting natural resources, the hike in fuel prices is ever-growing. With stringent norms over environmental policies, the automotive manufacturers are on a voyage to produce efficient vehicles with lower emissions. High-speed cars are at a stake to provide uncompromised performance but having strict rules over emissions drives the companies to approach through a different route to keep the demands of performance intact. One of the most sought-after ways is to improve the aerodynamics of the vehicles. Drag force is one of the major setbacks when it comes to achieving high speeds when the vehicle is in motion. This research aims to examine the effects of different add on devices on the vehicle to reduce drag and make the vehicle aerodynamically streamlined. A more streamlined vehicle will be able to achieve high speeds and consequently, the fuel economy is also improved. The three-dimensional car model is developed in SOLIDWORKS v17. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is performed to understand the effects of these add on devices. CFD is carried out in the ANSYS™ 17.0 Fluent module. Drag Coefficient (CD), Lift Coefficient (CL), Drag Force and Lift Force are calculated and compared in different cases. The result of the simulations was analyzed and it was observed that different devices posed several different functionalities, but maximum drag reduction was found in the case of GT with spoiler and diffuser with a maximum reduction of 16.53%.

In this era of fast-depleting natural resources, the hike in fuel prices is ever-growing. With stringent norms over environmental policies, the automotive manufacturers are on a voyage to produce efficient vehicles with lower emissions. High-speed cars are at a stake to provide uncompromised performance but having strict rules over emissions drives the companies to approach through a different route to keep the demands of performance intact. One of the most sought-after ways is to improve the aerodynamics of the vehicles. Drag force is one of the major setbacks when it comes to achieving high speeds when the vehicle is in motion. This research aims to examine the effects of different add on devices on the vehicle to reduce drag and make the vehicle aerodynamically streamlined. A more streamlined vehicle will be able to achieve high speeds and consequently, the fuel economy is also improved. The three-dimensional car model is developed in SOLIDWORKS v17. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is performed to understand the effects of these add on devices. CFD is carried out in the ANSYSTM 17.0 Fluent module. Drag Coefficient (CD) and Drag Force is calculated and is compared in different cases.

In today’s scenario, humans are facing the issue of the global pollution crisis and the authorities worldwide have implemented stringent norms. Poor air quality has a hazardous impact on the lives of the people. The major emissions from exhaust pipe contain Particulate Matter (PM), Nitrogen Oxides (NOx), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and greenhouse gases which exploit the environment due to which the air quality index is degrading. Furthermore, these exhaust gases can trigger acute diseases in humans like headaches, nausea, fatigue, etc. A huge amount of research and development is being carried out on reducing the harmful emissions by changing the properties of fuels, and geometry or mechanical changes in the engine itself can further hold on the emissions well within the range. One of the methods is to improve the swirl formed in the combustion chamber. Swirl motion is the intentional spinning of the air that promotes even mixing of fuel and air when fuel is introduced to the cylinder during intake. Better swirl formed helps in efficient combustion which subsequently leads to lesser emissions. This research paper studies the change in swirl ratio by varying the valve lift of an internal combustion engine. The observations were made through simulations done in ANSYS™ 17.0 FLUENT using Cold Flow Simulation in IC ENGINE module. Meaningful curves of swirl ratio obtained for different valve lifts are then compared.

An experimental capability, developed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), is being used to study the yield behavinr of elastic-plastic materials. The objective of our research is tQ develop better constitutive equations for polycfystalline metals. We are experimentally determining the multidimensional yield surface of the material, both in its initial sfate and as it evolves during large inelastic deformations. These experiments provide a mom complete picture nf material behavtor than can be obiained from traditional uniaxial tests. Experimental results show that actual material response can differ significantly from that predicted by simple idealized models. These restdfs are being used to develop impmved constitutive models of anisotmpic plasticity for use in continuum computer codes. IntroductionAt a micmstmctural level, polycrystdllne metals am composed of aggregates of individual crystals, each of which has KS own orientation and properties. When subjected to loading, metals initially exhibit rwverslble deformation, due fo the stmtchlng of the lattice. When the loads become suMclentlY large, permanent deformations can occur through a number of mechanisms. such as dislocation motion. twinning, or grain boundary slldlng. As a consequence of having randomly distributed grain orientstions, annealed polycrystalllne metals typically exhibit isotmplc behavior with respect to a reference conflguratlon; that is, at a given point in the mnterIal, the material response nf a specimen in any direction is the same. This includes the elastic behavior and the initial yield behavior. Hnwever, significant processing nf materlala, or even moderate plastlc deformations, can cause grains which wem inltlaiiy randomly oriented to become aligned, resulting In behavior which is anisotmpic, where material response in different directions Is quite different.The ability of numerical simulations to predict the behavior of systems involvlng materials ucldergolng large deformations IS contingent upon hwing a reallstic model of the material behavior. Such models must be accurate in the fnli range of possible loading conditions tm which the materials may be subjected. Use of overly simplified models In regimes where they are not well suited can serlOUSIYcompmmlse the valldity of a simulation. Many problems of engineering Interest involve metals undergoing large deformation under multlaxial staks of stress and the need for rellabie models for these applications can hardly be overemphasized. Experimental data demonstrate that simple models for plasticity commonly used In numerical codes do not accurately predict material behavior under these conditions. Engineering models of polycrystalllne metals generally omit mlcmstructural details and describe the effective macroscopic behavior in terms of a phenomenological continuum model. Viewed fmm the macroscopic perspective, the initial material response is path-independent and thew is a one-tin one correspondence between stress and strain. However, If the deformation or loads become ...

In this era of fast-depleting natural resources, the hike in fuel prices is ever-growing. With stringent norms over environmental policies, the automotive manufacturers are on a voyage to produce efficient vehicles with lower emissions. High-speed cars are at a stake to provide uncompromised performance but having strict rules over emissions drives the companies to approach through a different route to keep the demands of performance intact. One of the most sought-after ways is to improve the aerodynamics of the vehicles. Drag force is one of the major setbacks when it comes to achieving high speeds when the vehicle is in motion. This research aims to examine the effects of different add on devices on the vehicle to reduce drag and make the vehicle aerodynamically streamlined. A more streamlined vehicle will be able to achieve high speeds and consequently, the fuel economy is also improved. The three-dimensional car model is developed in SOLIDWORKS v17. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is performed to understand the effects of these add on devices. CFD is carried out in the ANSYSTM 17.0 Fluent module. Drag Coefficient (CD), Lift Coefficient (CL), Drag Force and Lift Force are calculated and compared in different cases. The result of the simulations were analyzed and it was observed that different devices posed several different functionalities, but maximum drag reduction was found in the case of GT with spoiler and diffuser with a maximum reduction of 16.53%.