No abstract

HRC of any grade have moderate accuracy in predicting MA and hence can be used as a cost-effective screening tool to predict MA especially in a resource-poor setting.

Aspergilloma and invasive aspergillosis coexisting with multidrug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in the same patient is a rare entity. We report a 50 year old South Indian woman, a diabetic, who presented to us with complaints of productive cough and hemoptysis for the past 2 months. She was diagnosed to have pulmonary tuberculosis 2 years ago for which she took irregular treatment. Lung imaging showed features of a thick walled cavity in the right upper lobe with an indwelling aspergilloma. She underwent a right lung upper lobe resection. Biopsy and culture of the resected specimen showed the coexistence of Aspergillus fumigatus and multi-drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. 2 blood cultures grew Aspergillus fumigatus. She was successfully treated with Voriconazole and anti tuberculous therapy against MDR-TB.

Background: Hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance occurs in obese patients with primary hypertension independent of diabetes and obesity. This study was aimed at assessing serum fasting insulin levels, the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and serum lipid levels in non-obese patients with primary hypertension when compared to normotensive subjects. Methods: This observational study comprised 100 patients over 18 years of age, divided into two groups. The hypertensive group comprised non-obese patients with primary hypertension (n=50); the normotensive group comprised normotensive age- and sex-matched individuals (n=50). Patients with diabetes, impaired fasting glucose, obesity, and other causative factors of insulin resistance were excluded from the study. Serum fasting insulin levels and fasting lipid profiles were measured, and insulin resistance was calculated using HOMA-IR. These data were compared between the two groups. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to assess the extent of a linear relationship between HOMA-IR and to evaluate the association between HOMA-IR and systolic and diastolic blood pressures. Results: Mean serum fasting insulin levels (mIU/L), mean HOMA-IR values, and fasting triglyceride levels (mg/dL) were significantly higher in the hypertensive versus normotensive patients (10.32 versus 6.46, P<0.001; 1.35 versus 0.84, P<0.001; 113.70 versus 97.04, P=0.005, respectively). The HOMA-IR levels were associated with systolic blood pressure (r value 0.764, P=0.0005). Conclusion: We observed significantly higher fasting insulin levels, serum triglyceride levels, and HOMA-IR reflecting hyperinsulinemia and possibly an insulin-resistant state among primary hypertension patients with no other causally linked factors for insulin resistance. We observed a significant correlation between systolic blood pressure and HOMA-IR.

Acute gastroenteritis is an important cause of preventable acute kidney injury (AKI). Inadequate or delayed restoration of diarrheal losses results in a very high incidence of AKI. Diarrheal illness is a major reason for hospitalization, but data on consequent acute kidney injury are sparse. The objective of the study is to determine the incidence of AKI in infectious and noninfectious diarrheal illness requiring hospitalization and to identify correlates and outcomes of diarrhea-associated AKI. None of the patients had any organism isolated in stool, probably due to prompt initiation of antibiotics/inadequate culture growth. Three out of our 6 cases did not require hemodialysis (HD) and AKI resolved on conservative management alone (fluids, electrolyte management, and antibiotics). Three out of 6 cases had nonresolving AKI and were dependent on renal replacement therapy (RRT) even at 1 month after discharge as they remained oliguric. One recent paper has reported the recovery of renal function after a period of dialysis. Frequent electrolyte abnormalities, risk of (catheter-related/bloodstream) infections, and severity of the primary disease are the chief reasons for the persistently high morbidity. Although, there was no mortality in our study.