Vegetable oils and their methyl/ethyl esters are alternative renewable fuels for compression ignition engines. Asian countries are not self-sufficient in edible oil and are exploring non-edible seed oils, like jatropha and castor as biodiesel raw materials. In the present study jatropha and castor oil were used for the preparation of biodiesel by the transesterification process. Diesel and jatropha oil methyl ester (JOME) blends were used to conduct short-term engine performance tests at varying loads. Similar tests were conducted with castor oil methyl ester (COME). The engine parameters were recorded and compared for the prepared blends. The best engine operating condition based on lower brake specific fuel consumption and higher brake thermal efficiency were identified and compared. The maximum thermal efficiency was observed at 13% substitution of COME in diesel and 18% for JOME in diesel. An analysis of variance test was applied to the observed data for both the fuels. Results indicated for COME, F = 2.397, that there is no significant effect on fuel consumption with the fuel type. There is a significant effect on fuel consumption and thermal efficiency with % of load. For F = 5.69 there is a significant effect on thermal efficiency with the fuel type. Similar trends were observed with JOME blends. These trends indicated that blends in the ratio of 0-20% by volume of biodiesel can be added to neat diesel without any change in the hardware of the engine.

Automotive vehicles emit several exhaust gases and pollutants. The largest part of these gases consists of nitrogen (N 2), water vapor (H 2 O) and carbon dioxide (CO 2) these are not toxic. Harmful gases i.e carbon monoxide (CO) produced because of incomplete combustion, nitrogen oxides (NOx) generated at high temperatures, hydrocarbons (HC) obtained from unburnt fuel, particulate matter (PM, mostly soot) and oxides of sulphur (SOx) due to sulphur content in fuel, are referred as pollutants. India's Emission Standard were formulated in 1991 has reached today to direct transition to BS VI from BS IV norms. This decision to leapfrog fuel standards has managed to disrupt oil and auto Industry. In this paper challenges faced by these industries for this transition based on technical understanding are discussed. For diesel engines diesel particulate filter for moving to BS V and Selective Catalytic Reduction for BS VI is critically analyzed. For S.I engines technologies that are likely to be commercialized which will help vehicles to comply with BS VI norms are explained. Technology up gradation, its validation and assimilation of this technology by

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Vegetable oils and their methyl/ethyl esters are alternative renewable fuels for compression ignition engines. Asian countries are not self-sufficient in edible oil and are exploring non-edible seed oils, like jatropha and castor as biodiesel raw materials. In the present study jatropha and castor oil were used for the preparation of biodiesel by the transesterification process. Diesel and jatropha oil methyl ester (JOME) blends were used to conduct short-term engine performance tests at varying loads. Similar tests were conducted with castor oil methyl ester (COME). The engine parameters were recorded and compared for the prepared blends. The best engine operating condition based on lower brake specific fuel consumption and higher brake thermal efficiency were identified and compared. The maximum thermal efficiency was observed at 13% substitution of COME in diesel and 18% for JOME in diesel. An analysis of variance test was applied to the observed data for both the fuels. Results indicated for COME, F = 2.397, that there is no significant effect on fuel consumption with the fuel type. There is a significant effect on fuel consumption and thermal efficiency with % of load. For F = 5.69 there is a significant effect on thermal efficiency with the fuel type. Similar trends were observed with JOME blends. These trends indicated that blends in the ratio of 0-20% by volume of biodiesel can be added to neat diesel without any change in the hardware of the engine.

Neat castor oil poses problems when used in CI engine. Problems are reduced to minimum by subjecting the castor oil to transesterification. Castor oil was converted to bio diesel and blended by 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% in quantity (by volume) with high-speed mineral diesel (HSD) fuel. This fuel was used on a single-cylinder compression-ignition, four-stroke diesel engine. The blended fuel gave lower emissions of CO but resulted in higher values of CO2 and NOx. Results showed that engine brake power, thermal efficiency for blended bio diesel fuel were lower than pure mineral diesel, because of lower calorific value of blended fuel. The maximum value of thermal efficiency was observed at 13% substitution of castor oil methyl ester [CME] in diesel. However, higher engine exhaust temperatures were obtained with blended fuel in comparison with that of pure mineral diesel. Chi square (2) statistical test was applied. The value for 2 (CME) 0.0524 was observed. The value concluded that there is no effect of fuel type on fuel consumption within the given range. Overall castor oil bio diesel blends fared well in terms of engine performance.