Objective To study the clinical and laboratory profile and to assess period for viral clearance in COVID 19 children. Methods We reviewed hospital records of children (<18 years) admitted from 1 April to 31 May, 2020 at a tertiary-care public hospital and identified those positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus (SARS-CoV-2) by RT-PCR of respiratory secretions. Results 81.2% of the 85 children studied were asymptomatic and 3 (8.5%) died. Severe lymphopenia (43.8%), raised C-reactive protein (93.8%), raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate (75%) and high (>500ng/mL) levels of D-dimer (37.5%) were common. Median (IQR) duration of viral shedding was 7 (5–10) days, with range of 2 to 45 days; 96.3% had viral clearance within 14 days. Conclusions Majority of children aged <18 years with SARS-CoV-2 infection had viral clearance within 14 days.

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Background: Maternal tobacco consumption (both active and passive) during pregnancy as a risk factor for congenital heart diseases in off-springs has been studied by some workers with a small number of subjects hence requires to be evaluated through a study with a significant size of cohort. The objective of the study was to find out the association between maternal tobacco consumption and the risk of CHDs among their off springs.Methods: This is a hospital based, comparative, cross sectional, observational study. 518 children with CHDs, confirmed by echocardiography were included as cases and 240 children without any obvious congenital anomaly matched for age and sex were taken as controls. The following clinical observations were collected through questionnaires in a predesigned Performa: maternal and paternal tobacco consumption during pregnancy; maternal medical, gestational and obstetric history; and other birth defects.Results: Children from case and control groups were comparable with respect to age and sex at the inclusion in the study. Out of the total 758 study participants, 73 children (14.01%) with CHDs had history of maternal tobacco consumption (active consumption) during pregnancy and 86 children (16.6%) with CHDs had history of paternal smoking habit (P value was highly significant).Conclusions: Tobacco consumption during pregnancy (both active and passive) confer an increased risk of CHDs in their off springs (p value <0.001).

Background: Perinatal asphyxia is characterized among the fetus or new born due to deficiency of perfusion to the various organs of the fetus or new born. Birth asphyxia is the single most important perinatal cause of brain damage in term infants. When asphyxia is followed by an abnormal neonatal behavior a syndrome has been described known as hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. Material & Methods: The new born with congenital malformation of CNS were excluded from the study. Each selected newborn was subjected to Apgar scoring at birth and assessment of gestational age. The Apgar scoring was done at one and five minutes after births and infants were categorized into mild, moderate and severe birth asphyxia according to Apgar score at 1 minute of age after birth Results: In the present study, on the basis of clinical symptoms we found that asphyxiated group males comprised 62% cases and females 38% cases male female ratio was 1.63:1.0 it is statistically in significant. as compared to control group where male female ratio was 2.59:1. In Mild and moderate asphyxia male preponderance was seen while in severe asphyxia the difference was not marked There was no statistically significant sex difference in birth asphyxia. Conclusion: We concluded from the present study that in resuscitation of mild and moderately asphyxiated babies Bag and Mask was used more frequently (40% and 82.5% respectively) and endotracheal tube with Ambubag was used more (75%) frequently for severely asphyxiated babes. Key words: asphyxia, resuscitation, Ambubag.

Background: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause for morbidity and mortality in the adult population. Altered lipid levels are the recognized factors. This process is considered to begin in early life and progress silently over decades. Maternal lipid concentrations may exert an in-utero influence on infant’s lipid profile. The objective of the study was to find out the correlation of maternal lipid profile with newborn’s lipid profile.Methods: This is a hospital based, cross sectional study. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 220 parturients and their respective newborns were enrolled. Out of 220 newborns, 110 were <2.5 kg (group A) and 110 were ≥2.5kg (group B) babies. 2.5 ml of Cord blood sample from each of enrolled newborns was collected from the placental end of the cord just after the delivery. Blood samples from the parturients were collected right after delivery. The concentrations of total cholesterol, triglycerides and HDL-c were determined by an enzymatic colorimetric method and LDL-c was calculated by the Friedewald formula.Results: In present study there was a statistically significant but poor negative correlation between maternal TG and babies’ TG level among low birth weight (˂2.5kg) babies and no other significant correlation was observed between maternal lipid profile and newborn’s lipid profile.Conclusions: Change in maternal lipid profile is not significantly associated with the mean concentrations of total cholesterol, LDL-c, HDL-c and triglycerides in newborns. Hence it shows that neonatal lipogenesis may be independent of maternal lipogenesis.