FTIR spectroscopy in combination with multivariate calibration of Partial Least Square (PLS) has been developed for quantification of curcumin in the ethanolic extracts of Curcuma longa Linn and Curcuma xanthorriza Roxb. The optimization was done by selecting the best wavenumbers regions capable of providing the high coefficient of determination (R 2) and low values of Root Mean Square Error of Calibration (RMSEC). Finally, wavenumbers region of 2000-950 cmG 1 was selected for prediction of curcumin in the extracts. The correlation between actual values of curcumin determined by HPLC and FTIR predicted values using FTIR spectroscopy combined with PLS in ethanolic extract of C. longa and C. xanthorriza at 2000-950 cmG 1 revealed R 2 values of 0.96 and 0.99, respectively. The RMSEC values obtained are 0.299 and 0.089 for C. longa and C. xanthorriza, respectively. The high value of R 2 and low value of RMSEC indicated the high accuracy and precision of FTIR spectroscopy for quantification of curcumin in the extracts. These results indicated that FTIR spectroscopy combined with PLS is an alternative technique for determination of curcumin in Curcuma species. The developed method (FTIR spectroscopy) is rapid, no sample preparation and not involving excessive solvents and reagents.

Introduction: Adolescent birth has many negative impacts on the development of a country. Preparing for pregnancy needs to be done from adolescence so that adolescents and women are healthy during pregnancy and give birth to healthy babies. In Indonesia, the adolescent birth rate is still high. This study aimed to identify the determinants of adolescent birth (birth at ages Rural and Remote Health rrh.org.au

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Frequent pattern mining is a process of extracting frequently occurring itemset patterns from very large data storages. These frequent patterns are used to generate association rules which define the relationship among items. The strength of the relationship can be measured using two different units namely support value and confidence level. Any relationship that satisfies minimum threshold of support value is known as frequent pattern. There are several methods and algorithms suggested to mine frequent patterns from large databases. Most of the methods can be assessed for its complexity based on the number of processing levels and number of candidate sets with subsets that are generated in each level. In this study, the combinatorial approach which generates minimal number of combinations using a tree structure and automatically filters infrequent itemsets and mine frequent patterns is suggested. It scans input database once and carries out minimized intersections to count the support value. The complexity is based on the number of transactions and the maximum length of transactions. The new approach purely depends on the size of input transaction database. The combinatorial approach does not depend on the unknown number of processing levels and there is nocandidate sets and subsets generation. The proposed method makes minimal number of combinations when compared to number of candidate sets and subsets in other methods. The method is compared with number of existing legendary methods for its performance.

Da’wah in the modern era is very dependent on dai milenial. Dai millennial should preach using methods that are opplied to the needs of the community and keep abreast of the times. The method of da'wah that is applied in every activity is supported by modern media that are able to attract the attention of mad'u on a large scale. Advances in technology and modern media make the method of da'wah applied by millennials must be revitalized in order to reach the perfection of da'wah. Especially in this era, people are faced with complex life problems. Dai millennial can combine anachronistic and modernist methods of da'wah in da'wah. Both methods of da'wah can attract people's interest and stop the negative side of the modern era. Millennials are required to understand the situation and condition of honey both sociologically and psychologically in order to find the right method of da'wah.