Abstract. Temaja IGRM, Selangga DGW, Phabiola TA, Khalimi K, Listihani L. 2022. Relationship between viruliferous Bemisia tabaci population and disease incidence of Pepper yellow leaf curl Indonesia virus in chili pepper. Biodiversitas 23: 5360-5366. Bemisia tabaci Genn is an important pest in horticulture crops. Until today, B. tabaci has always been found in chili pepper and causes damage. In addition to a direct injury to the chili pepper, it is also the vector of Begomovirus. There is no research till date regarding the relationship between B. tabaci with Begomovirus which caused damage to chili pepper crops. Thus, the aim of this research was to analyze the interaction between B. tabaci population with the disease incidence of Begomovirus on chili peppers crops, as well as the percentage of viruliferous B. tabaci. This research noted B. tabaci population dynamics, disease incidence of pepper yellow leaf curl disease, and the percentage of viruliferous B. tabaci via PCR by using Begomovirus universal primer and DNA analysis confirmation. The highest imago population occurred at 6 WAP with the average density 27.21 imago/yellow sticky card, while the highest nymph population occurred at 8 WAP with the average density of 4.26 nymph/leaf. The high population of B. tabaci nymph and imago caused the incidence of Begomovirus disease to reach 83.07% at 12 WAP. Result showed that high population of B. tabaci accelerated the speed of virus in the field. The confirmation result of Begomovirus in B. tabaci body showed that the virus was Pepper yellow leaf curl Indonesia virus (PYLCIV). The highest homology obtained was between PYLCIV isolates from Sekaan, Bangli with isolates from Bayung Gede, Bangli which ranged from 99.6 to 99.8%. Further phylogenetic analysis showed that PYLCIV isolates from Sekaan, Bali formed a group with the isolate from Bayung Gede, Bangli, which was from a different group with other isolates. This proved that B. tabaci carries and transmits PYLCIV to chili peppers in Bali.

Abstract. Pandawani NP, Listihani L, Widnyana IK, Ariati PEP, Selangga DGW. 2022. High impact of Clerodendrum paniculatum leaf extract to suppress zucchini yellow mosaic virus infection in zucchini plants. Biodiversitas 23: 2914-2919. Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) is an important virus in zucchini plants (Cucurbita pepo L.). ZYMV infection is prevalent in C. pepo in Bali and is extremely difficult to eradicate. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of pagoda leaf extract (Clerodendrum paniculatum L.) in reducing yield loss in C. pepo. A factorial randomized block design with two variables was employed in this study. The application time of the C. paniculatum extract was the first variable, and concentration was the second. Plant extract was applied during seed immersion, one day before and after inoculation, and on the same day of virus inoculation. The concentrations of C. paniculatum extract employed were 10%, 30%, and 50%. The crude extract was sprayed onto the C. pepo leaves. Plants treated with extract one day after virus inoculation at 10%, 30%, and 50% concentrations exhibited yellowing, yellowing with cupping, mosaic, mosaic with cupping, and stunting. While application of extract one day before virus inoculation at 30% and 50% concentrations resulted in yellowing and yellowing with cupping signs. Plants infected with ZYMV first showed flowering at 37 DAP, whereas plants treated with C. paniculatum leaf extract one day before virus inoculation started flowering at 32 DAP. Application of C. paniculatum leaf extract one day before ZYMV inoculation on C. pepo effectively suppressed 40% yield loss. The findings of present investigation revealed information about the potential of C. paniculatum leaf extract as a plant virus control agent through the mechanism of induction in C. pepo.