A very common and early named mayfly species from China, Heptagenia ngi Hsu, 1936, has no exact descriptions of its imago nor nymph, so its generic status is not clear. Based on detailed re-descriptions and pictures of all its stages from fresh materials, it is transferred into a new genus Maculogenia Zhou, gen. nov. Its nymph has conspicuous pale-dark colored body, slightly concave posterior margin of head, scattered simple setae on ventral maxillae, spines and very fine hair-like setae on caudal filaments. Similarly, its imago also has remarkable dark stripes and dots on the pale body, small median titillators and short first segment of foretarsi, apically expanded penes without any spines. It is similar to the genera Electrogena, Thamnodontus, and Parafronurus but they can be differentiated easily by above selected key structures.

The mayfly genus Habrophlebiodes Ulmer, 1920 has four Asian species (three from China). To show the real characters of Asian species and to ensure the differences between the two clades of the genus, we studied all three endemic Chinese species (H. gilliesi Peters, 1963, H. tenella Kang & Yang, 1994, H. zijinensis You & Gui, 1995) with examining specimens from more than 30 sites. Adults of Chinese Habrophlebiodes can be separated by the male genitalia, female ovipositor and spots on adult wings, nymphs can be recognized by the abdominal color and prostheca shape of mandibles. Comparatively, the fourth species H. prominens Ulmer, 1939 is more different by its longer apical segment of maxillary palpi and colored wings. A key to the four Asian species is given. The status of the latter species, the exact difference between Asian and American clades, and their distribution pattern need more fresh materials to confirm.

The nymphs of the leptophlebiid mayfly Gilliesia pulchra Zhou, 2004 have not been reported before, which inhibits deeper understanding of the taxonomy and phylogenetic position of this species and its genus. In 2022, we reared nymphs from southwestern China to the adult stage. All stages are described and photographed here. Nymphs of this species have single deeply-forked gills, somewhat elongated maxillary palpi and two setal tufts on the lingua. Its imaginal characteristics, including wings and penes, are quite similar to G. hindustanica (Gillies, 1951), the type species of the genus. Comparatively, the third species of the genus, G. ratchaburiensis Boonsoong & Sartori, 2015, seems less similar, both in adults and nymphs. Generally, features of G. pulchra nymphs link the two genera Gilliesia Peters & Edmunds, 1970 and Habrophlebiodes Ulmer, 1919 together, while features of the nymphs of G. ratchaburiensis bridge the genera Gilliesia and Dipterophlebiodes Demoulin, 1954.

The nymph and detailed imaginal morphology of the Chinese mayfly Thalerosphyrus cingulatus have not been reported since it was named by Navás in 1933. Here based on newly collected nymphal and associated imaginal materials of this species from eastern China, we find both nymphs and adults have several extraordinary characters. In adults, forewings have less crossveins in costal and subcostal sections, others crossveins arranged into five regular rows; tibiae and tarsi of midlegs and hindlegs subequal in length; male compound eyes widely separated and penes simple and fused. The nymphs have greatly extended lateral pronotum, round supracoxal spurs and extended dorsal lamellae of gills, especially those of the gills VII; maxillae have two independent distal dentisetae. These combined characters represent a new generic taxon. Therefore, Regulaneuria Zhou, gen. nov. is established here to include the species Regulaneuria cingulata (Navás, 1933) comb. nov. The forewing venation of the species R. cingulata is unique in the family Heptageniidae but similar to some counterparts of Leptophlebiidae and Baetidae.