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Background: A brain tumor is an abnormal cell proliferation within the brain, and it strongly impacts people. Computer-aided diagnosis to detect brain tumours has been prevalent due to high reliability and accuracy in recent years. Objective: This research work aims to understand various methods in brain tumor detection and the critical research challenges in this domain. So that in future, the researchers can work on these areas to come up with new methods. Method: This manuscript mainly discusses various medical image processing methods to detect brain tumors. Results: The manuscript discusses the efficiency of the existing schemes and the key areas where further improvement is required Conclusion: This manuscript gives an overview of various categories of brain tumors, existing methods to detect brain tumors, the critical challenges in this domain and the medical image dataset available for the study.