An increasing number of people are opting for cosmetic surgeries. For many years, the physical and aesthetic appearance of Caucasians has been considered to be ideal. However, it is now commonly acknowledged that attractiveness and aesthetic standards vary among cultural backgrounds and ethnic groups and that Western attractiveness criteria no longer apply to all. Herein, we conducted a comprehensive review of studies that examined cultural and ethnic variations in preferences for facial, breast, and gluteal aesthetics, as well as reviewed studies that investigated ethnic disparities in attitudes and motivations for cosmetic surgery. A total of 4532 references were identified, 66 of which met the inclusion criteria. Several studies have reported that facial golden ratios are invalid for representing perceived attractiveness standards among different ethnicities. The majority of studies also indicated that facial aesthetic interventions should not aim to Westernize but to optimize ethnic traits. Significant ethnic differences in preferences for upper- and lower-pole breast proportions have been reported. The size of the buttocks and waist-to-hip ratio were identified as the main factors of buttock aesthetics, with buttock size preferences having a high ethnic diversity. Interest in cosmetic surgical procedures while maintaining ethnic identity continues to grow among young women worldwide. This comprehensive review strongly suggests that accommodating cultural and ethnic differences in aesthetic standards in cosmetic surgery planning can lead to more acceptable cosmetic outcomes.

Burns are a significant public health issue that result in more than 180 000 fatalities annually. For specialized burn care, the geriatric burn population is a sensitive and usually challenging group. Despite the fact that all age groups have shown advances in burn care, geriatrics still have worse survival rates. Burn severity, treatment, and outcomes are impacted in geriatrics because of the physiological differences between them and younger adult burn patients. The atrophic skin of the elderly results in deeper burns, or a higher ratio of full-thickness total body surface area compared to younger patients, but it also hinders the healing of both donor sites and burns. The purpose of this research is to review the available information about geriatric burn injuries: prevalence, management and clinical outcome. Elderly people are more susceptible to complications such pneumonia, congestive heart failure, and pulmonary edema. The morbidity and mortality seen in geriatric burn patients are also attributed to altered immunological and inflammatory response driven by age leading to increased hospital stays and more severe complications. Management of geriatric burn patients involves two concepts. the revolutionary theory of eschar excision and wound closure within the first week of hospitalization, and the conventional strategy of reducing physiologic stress by delaying surgery in the early post-burn stage while the development of effective fluid resuscitation protocols, which has most significantly boosted patient survival, is one of the pillars of modern burn care. The epidemiology of burn injuries in geriatrics is quite variable and demands further research.