Background: Total intravenous anaesthesia is a technique in which induction and maintenance of anaesthesia is achieved with intravenous drug alone. With analgesics complete anaesthesia can be achieved. Objectives: To study & compare the hemodynamic profile, intra operative analgesic adequacy, VAS score and emergence time between two groups. Subjects and Methods: Total 80 patients of ASA grade I & II, aged 18-60years old, who were posted for short surgical procedures were randomly divided into two groups. Group I received Inj.Butorphanol 20μg/kg and Group II received Inj.Fentanyl 2μg/kg body weight. Both the groups received Inj. Propofol 2mg/kg I.V. and then maintenance of anaesthesia started with Propofol as a stepped down scheme. Intra operative depth of anaesthesia was monitored using clinical signs like rise in blood pressure, pulse and respiratory rate. Post-operative sedation score was noted using Ramsay Sedation score. Visual analogue score for pain, was noted at the time of emergence time. Results: Respiratory rate, heart rate and SpO2 showed no significant differences between groups. Average systolic and diastolic BP in group I was lower as compared to group II during the surgery and post-operative at the time of emergence also. Mean emergence time in group I was significantly higher than group II. Mean VAS at the time of emergence was significant less in butorphanol group. Conclusion: From the present study it can be concluded that, Butorphanol & Fentanyl combined with Propofol are comparable in hemodynamic profile. Post-operative more time is taken for emergence in Butorphanol group. VAS score for pain at the time of emergence is more in Fentanyl group compared to Butorphanol. With conventional monitoring, depth of anaesthesia is satisfactory between groups. With both the drugs satisfactory anaesthesia can be provided for short surgical procedures which are 30 or less in duration.

Introduction:There is increased risk of severe morbidities or death from sudden cardiovascular incidence, stroke, choking and drowning if not resuscitated by first responders at the site of crisis. Health care professional are expected to be competent in resuscitate technique from their initial posting and demand for BLS training is increasing worldwide. Objectives: Aim was to assess the awareness about Basic Life Support (BLS) among the undergraduate MBBS students. Simultaneously we have investigated impact of our BLS training by the post-training evaluation and the feedback from student's performance. Materials and Methods: Study group comprised of 432 undergraduate MBBS students from medical college. We had divided students in pre-clinical 1 st & 2 nd year and clinical for 3 Rd 1st & final year MBBS students. We had constructed questionnaire having multiple choice questions. Questionnaire, lecture and videos of BLS were prepared based on 2015 American Heart Association Resuscitation Council. Results and Discussion: In our study only 2% from male and only 1.56% from females were already BLS trained, showing gross lack of BLS training. When we compare the pre-test between inter group it was showing p value of 0.899 (mean score 10.6±2) and post-test inter group it was 0.913 (Mean sore 16.8±1.8), showing insignificant. But, when we compare pre-test and post-test in pre-clinical students and for the clinical (intra group) it was showing p value of 0.000001(<0.005), so highly significant. Regarding scores none was there in excellent group (score ≥ 85%) in pre-test evaluation from either group, but in post-test there were 55.15% students from pre-clinical and 56.75% were from clinical group, showing knowledge improvement in students of both the groups. When we compare the skill-based difference between gender it was showing only 29% females were perfect to perform CPR with adequate depth and rate in first attempt while for male it was 85.14% students. And even after all correction and practice still 20% female students needed much practice while in male it was only 1%. Conclusion:From this study we come to know that knowledge of BLS/CPR is so less in our study groups. But we can improve this by frequent lectures and hands on training in under graduate students. Hence it is essential to train the medical students from the beginning from their MBBS training.

INTRODUCTIONLabor, as the process of childbirth, is a painful experience for most of the women. The McGill pain questionnaire ranks pain in the upper part of pain scale between cancer and amputation of digit. Sir John Snow first administered chloroform to Queen Victoria for the birth of eighth Background: Attempts have been made to reduce or eliminate the pain associated with labor since ancient time. Obstetrics analgesia reached a new phase with lumbar epidural analgesia. We carried out a randomized study to evaluate and compare the analgesic efficacy of ropivacaine and bupivacaine with fentanyl on mother, on fetus and on the course of labor. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare the analgesic efficacy of ropivacaine (0.125%) and bupivacaine (0.125%) with fentanyl on mother, fetus and on the course of labor, incidence of instrumental delivery, and the rate of cesarean section. Materials and Methods: Study was conducted in 60 term, primi or second gravida parturients with active phase of labor, with cervical dilatation 3-5 cm, with single fetus, vertex presentation belonging to American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) Class I or II. The patients were randomly divided into two groups. After negative test dose, loading dose of 10 ml of 0.125% ropivacaine in Group R and 0.125% of bupivacaine in Group B with 2.5 µg/ml fentanyl in both groups was given as an initial dose for analgesia. Top up dose with 5 ml of 0.125% of ropivacaine in Group R and 0.125% bupivacaine in Group B were given when visual analog scale (VAS ≥3). For the second stage of labor 8 ml of 0.125% of ropivacaine in Group R and 0.125% of bupivacaine in Group B with 1.25 µg/ml fentanyl in both groups were given in sitting position to allow perineal analgesia. Results: In this study, we observed that maximum number of patients have developed sensory block up to T8, 50% in Group B and 53.3% in Group R, only 2 patients (6.7%) in Group B developed T6 level, and no patients in Group R. There was no significant difference in mean total dose of bupivacaine and ropivacaine (P > 0.05). In Group R total 22 patients and 3 in Group B developed Grade 0 motor blocked, which was statistically very significant. In Group B, 14 and 2 patients developed Grade 2 and Grade 3 motor blocked, respectively, compared to none of the patients in Group R which was statistically very significant. There was no significant difference in Apgar score and VAS scores between the groups at any time during the first and second stage of labor. Conclusions: Ropivacaine group patients required less number of top-up doses and developed significantly less motor block than bupivacaine group patients. We thus conclude that the combinations of 0.125% of ropivacaine with fentanyl and 0.125% bupivacaine with fentanyl is equally effective in producing excellent labor analgesia ensuring the safety of the mother and fetus.