Kidney transplantation and the associated immune suppression are associated with a significantly increased risk of developing cancer during long-term follow-up. Thyroid cancer has been recognised as a potential post-transplant risk but has not yet been subject of a focused review. We therefore performed a meta-analysis on data of 50 861 patients with a total follow-up of 198 595 patient-years and identified a 6.9-fold higher standardised incidence ratio (95% confidence interval 5.6-8.7, P!0.001) of thyroid cancer post renal transplantation as compared with a non-transplant group. All such cancers were of papillary type as far as histopathology was known. The mean time to discovery was 6.0 years post transplantation. This puts thyroid cancer into the group of high cancer risk following solid organ transplantation which already includes cervical cancer, non-melanoma skin cancer, oral and lip cancer and haematological malignancies. It is unclear what causes the increased cancer incidence. Inclusion of thyroid ultrasound in long-term post-transplant evaluation may help to ensure timely recognition of this condition.

We describe a case of life-threatening small bowel haemorrhage in a 56 year old man, who was found to have partial midgut malrotation at laparotomy. An association between congenital malrotation and gastrointestinal haemorrhage has not previously been reported in this age group. We discuss the association between gut malrotation and small intestinal pathology and describe the principles of management in these patients.

An 85-year-old lady presented with a large midline neck mass. After 8 years of steady growth, the previously asymptomatic mass began to cause stridor and dysphagia. The patient's comorbidities included a previous partial glossectomy for haemangioma of the tongue, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, congestive cardiac failure and obesity (body mass index >30). CT neck revealed the midline mass was cystic in nature, most likely a thyroglossal duct cyst. This mass was closely related to an angiomatous malformation involving the tongue, floor of mouth and left parotid. Fine needle aspiration cytology was consistent with a colloid goitre characterised as Thy-1. Due to her extensive comorbidities, surgical resection of the midline mass was deemed to be a high-risk procedure. A Sistrunk's procedure was performed. Dissection proved difficult due to the intimately related base of tongue haemangioma. Histopathology confirmed it to be a benign thyroglossal duct cyst. She made an uncomplicated postoperative recovery.

ObjectiveThis study aimed to determine the distance between the most anterior part of the anterior nasal spine and the posterior septal angle.MethodsSinus computed tomography images from February to April 2016 were retrospectively analysed. Scans from adult Caucasians were included. Those with evidence of previous surgery, large slices or poor quality were excluded. The distance between the posterior septal angle and the most anterior part of the anterior nasal spine was measured digitally by two independent raters.ResultsOf 122 scans, 100 met the inclusion criteria (49 males and 51 females; mean age of 52.5 years). The mean distance measured was 5.13 mm (standard deviation = 1.24 mm, range = 1.85–8.00 mm). Measurements between male and female patients were not significantly different (t=0.450, p=0.654, 95 per cent confidence interval = -0.382 to 0.606).ConclusionThere is variability in the distance between the anterior nasal spine and the posterior septal angle. Surgeons should observe this relationship intra-operatively to avoid instability and unintended aesthetic changes.

We present the first reported case of tonsillar asymmetry secondary to a mandibular osteoma. Computed tomography rather than tonsillectomy for histology prevented the distress and risk of unnecessary surgery, and the patient was managed conservatively.